@article {1430, title = {Peppermint, (Mentha {\texttimes} piperita): Role in Management of Diseases through Modulating Various Biological Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {822-827}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {822}, abstract = {

Peppermint, (Mentha {\texttimes}piperita), aromatic perennial herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is a natural hybrid of Mentha spicata and Mentha aquatica and is found wild with its parent species in central as well as southern Europe. It holds various types of ingredients including menthol, menthone and cineol. Menthol, which is extracted from peppermint, play an important role in the inhibition of various types of pathogenesis. Peppermint oil also acts as a mild carminative agent and used for disorder of the large intestines that causes stomach pain. Moreover, experimental studies have confirmed its role in health management through anti-oxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, neuroprotection and hepatoprotective effects. its topical application shows relief from cold, muscle pain, and headache. The health promoting role of Peppermint has gained a noteworthy scientific attention, but the exact mechanism of its action still remains not clear. The current review mainly emphases on the pharmalogical effects of peppermint in the inhibition of pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of peppermint in the management of various types of diseases.

}, keywords = {Anti-microbial, Antioxidant, Mentha {\texttimes}piperita, Pathogenesis, Peppermint}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.104}, author = {Saleh A Almatroodi and Mohammed A Alsahli and Ahmad Almatroudi and Amjad Ali Khan and Arshad Husain Rahmani} } @article {1207, title = {Paronychia argentea: A Critical Comprehensive Review on its Diverse Medicinal Potential and Future as Therapeutics}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1172-1179}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1172}, abstract = {

Background: Paronychia argentea has been used since long as a traditional medicine for the treatment of diabetes, kidney stones, anti-microbial and many other human diseases. However, the plant has not been explored much. In the present scenario of drug resistance and toxicity associated with available drugs, there is a need for elaborated studies of plants like Paronychia argeneta which had been used as folk medicines. Aim and Objectives: The present article is focused on reviewing the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, traditional usage, biological activities, of Paronychia argentea which has been used in traditional medicinal system for ages. The aim of the study was to assess the ethnopharmacological usage of this plant and to explore therapeutic potentials and future opportunities for research. Materials and Methods: Information on the traditional usage and studies of the Paronychia argentea was gathered from from various journals, MSc dissertation, conference abstract, local books. Various search engines including Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar, Elsevier, ACS, Pubmed, Web of Science, CNKI and EMBASE were used to collect the information along with libraries. Results: Paronychia argentea has played an important role in traditional medicines in Algeria, Portugal, Israel and Jordan. The aerial parts of this plant are used as diuretics in Algerian traditional medicines and are used as antiurolithiasis. Leaf decoction of this plant is also used as diuretic. Paronychia argentea has been used as analgesic, treatment of stomach ulcer, anorexia, and flatulence in Portugal. Scientific studies on extracts of Paronychia revealed a wide range of pharmacological activities including anti-microbial activity, anti-oxidant, nephroprotective activity. Moreover, few reports have given contradictory data for usage of Paronychia when compared with its traditional usage. As in the case of alpha-amylase inhibitory efficacy of PA, it was observed that PA inhibits alpha-amylase activity but later on it was proven that PA does not have a hypoglycemic effect. Main bioactive metabolites present in this plant include alkaloids, flavonoids, volatile oils, etc. Conclusions: Based on this review, there are evidences from various studies regarding pharmacological effects of this plant as nephroprotective, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial activity. Some indications from in vitro studies have confirmed the inhibitory activity of this plant extract against alpha amylase enzyme. The available literature showed that most of the activities of the Paronychia can be accredited to the flavonoids present in them. Data regarding mechanisms of action of this plant along with pharmacokinetics, toxicology studies is still limited, which indicate the need of such studies for the clinical usage of this plant.

}, keywords = {Anti-microbial, Anti-oxidant, Bioactivity, Herbal medicine, Nephroprotective, Oxidative stress, Paronychia argentea, Therapeutic value, Ulcerative colitis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.165}, author = {Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan and Sardar Hussain and Janardhana Papayya Balakrishna and Surapaneni Krishna Mohan} } @article {1208, title = {Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical and in vitro Biological Evaluation of Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {952-961}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {952}, abstract = {

Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth of Acanthaceae family, commonly known as Hadsan in Marathi and Haridachchu in Kannada, is threatened species due to exploitation from natural habitat. Objectives: The objective of present study is to establish scientifically well evaluated pharmacognostic and biological efficacy parameters. Methods: Microscopical parameters of leaf, root and stem are evaluated. Powder microscopy, physicochemical analysis, elemental analysis, fluorescence analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening and estimation of major phytoconstituents of whole herb powder are carried out. In vitro biological evaluation of Blepharisrepens carried out for antioxidant potential by DPPH method, in vitro anticancer activity by SRB assay and antimicrobial efficacy by both agar well diffusion and bioautography methods. Results: Morphologically, roots are cylindrical and elongated, leaf has symmetric base, entire margin, acute apex while stem is cylindrical, elongated. Microscopic evaluation reveals that both leaf and stem are covered with trichomes. Leaf has unicellular uniseriate trichomes while stem has multi-cellular uniseriate covering trichomes. Physicochemical evaluation revealed that total ash, acid insoluble ash and water-soluble ash values 13.85 7.7 and 3.1\% respectively. Petroleum ether, alcohol and water extractive values found 0.84\%, 1.64\%, and 3.52\% respectively. Loss on drying value is found 3.43\%. Element analysis of whole herb confirms presence of nitrogen, sulphate and carbonate. Fluorescence tests are performed by treatment with different acids and alkalis and exposure to ultraviolet light. Phytochemical screening shows presence of carbohydrates, alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids and saponins. Estimation of phytochemicals like carbohydrate, alkaloid, tannin and flavonoid found 5.78\%, 1.43\%, 5.7\% and 1.48\% respectively. Biological evaluation reveals that plant has significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity while plant is devoid of in-vitro anticancer activity against human leukemia cell line HL-60.

}, keywords = {Anti-cancer, Anti-microbial, Anti-oxidant, Bioautography, Blepharisrepens, HL-60}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.135}, author = {Sharada L Deore and Poonam B Bhansali and Bhushan A Baviskar} }