@article {2461, title = {Marrubium vulgare Leaf Extract-Assisted Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Optimization, Characterization and In Vitro Exploration of Their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Anti- Inflammatory Potential}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {7-21}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {7}, abstract = {

Background: Biogenic metal nanoparticles are gaining popularity due to their remarkable biomedical properties, which provide hope in the fight against various diseases. Objective: This research produced silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from an aqueous extract of Marrubium vulgare leaves by a simple, onestep, bottom-up green route. For the first time in the literature, the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory potentials of AgNPs obtained using leaves of Marrubium vulgare are investigated. Methods and results: The optimal conditions for biosynthesis were 80 {\textdegree}C reaction temperature, 60 min incubation time, 2 mM AgNO3, and 100 μL extract volume. The FTIR results indicated that the distinct functional groups found in M. vulgare extract were also present in AgNPs, confirming their critical role in silver bioreduction and AgNP capping. The biosynthesized AgNPs were crystalline, with face-centered cubic geometry, according to XRD analysis. DLS analysis asserted that the constructed AgNP{\textquoteright}s average size was 34.58 nm, whereas SEM/TEM revealed their spherical morphology. The AgNPs produced through biosynthesis inhibited microbial proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. They exhibited bactericidal attributes against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, with MIC values ranging from 0.041 to 5.312 μg/mL and MBCs from 0.083 to 5.312 μg/mL. Furthermore, the AgNPs exhibited fungicidal activity against three Candida albicans strains, with MIC and MFC respective values recorded at 2.656 and 2.656-5.312 μg/mL. Additionally, the biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated significant antioxidant potency compared to ascorbic acid and the extract. Their potent in vitro anti-inflammatory effect, attributed to the inhibition of BSA denaturation, was directly proportional to the AgNP concentration, with a maximum inhibition of 86.14\% observed at 200 μg/mL. Conclusion: Therefore, the findings suggest that AgNPs have promising applications in combating the growing threat of antimicrobial resistance and might be utilized as potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

}, keywords = {Biological activities, Characterization, Green synthesis, Marrubium vulgare, Silver nanoparticles}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.2}, author = {Sarra Abbad and Nadia Aissaoui and Fatima Zahra Gana} } @article {2487, title = {Myricitrin-Mediated Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis, Characterization, and its Antioxidant, Anticancer, and DNA Cleavage Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {121-128}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {121}, abstract = {

Introduction: Myricitrin (MY) is a potent antioxidant flavonoid that has recently gained research interest due to its wide applications in food, cosmetics, and medicine. Objective: The current work reports MY, its isolation and characterization from Eugenia uniflora leaves, and green synthesis with AgNO3 to afford myricitrin-based silver nanoparticles (MY-Ag NPs). Materials and Methods: The biosynthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using UV, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS) methods. Antioxidant, anti-cancer, and DNA cleavage activities were based on standard in vitro bioassay methods. Results: The UV-vis absorption peak at 430 nm suggests the formation of silver-based NPs. The FESEM imaging showed spherical-to-cubical shaped MY-Ag NPs with an average size of 45.35 nm. The EDX analysis showed the presence of elemental Ag (89.40\%) and N (10.22\%), suggesting a successful synthesis. The XRD analysis revealed various peaks at 38.37$^{0}$, 43.56$^{0}$, 63.76$^{0}$, and 77.77$^{0}$, which suggest metallic silver reflections, further establishing the crystallinity of NPs. The MY-Ag NPs inhibited O2 -, OH-, H2O2, and NO free radicals in a dose-dependent manner. At 50 and 80 μg/mL, it demonstrated a better inhibitory effect on OH- radical than L-ascorbic acid. The cytotoxicity (IC50) against human cancer cell lines of the kidney (ACHN) and the liver (HepG2) were 54.21 {\textpm} 0.06 μg/mL and 33.36 {\textpm} 2.25 μg/mL respectively at 48 h post-treatment. Lastly, at 20 mg/mL for 120 minutes, MY-Ag NPs cleaved DNA, acting as chemical nucleases. This may suggest its capacity to impede cancer cells by cleaving the genome. Conclusion: Therefore, this study has shown that Myricitrinbased Ag NPs possess notable antioxidant and cytotoxicity that can be further exploited in the search for newer anticancer agents.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Antioxidant, DNA cleavage, Myricitrin, Silver nanoparticles}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.17}, author = {Pallab Kar and Ayodeji O. Oriola and Moganavelli Singh and Adebola O. Oyedeji} } @article {1205, title = {Anti-inflammatory Activity of Nigella sativa oil Mediated Silver Nanoparticles}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1086-1092}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1086}, abstract = {

Aim: The aim of the study was to employ Nigella sativa oil in the synthesis of silver nanoparticles and to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of the Nigella sativa oil mediated silver nanoparticles. Background: The introduction of Nanoparticles (NPs) has transFigured many fields like medicine, nutrition and electronics. The usage of nanotechnology in medicine particularly for drug delivery is revealed to have numerous benefits. Nanoparticles are being used to decrease toxicity and side effects that drugs may impose to the patient. Nigella sativa is considered as a miracle seed. It has been reported to have anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and antihypertensive activity. Plant mediated biological synthesis of nanoparticles is simple and eco-friendly method. This work therefore was aimed to synthesize Nigella sativa oil mediated silver nanoparticles and evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity. Materials and Methods: Nigella sativa oil mediated silver nanoparticles were synthesised by short term (1 day) interaction of Nigella sativa seed extract (1 ml) with 2mM AgNO3 solution and centrifuged to obtain silver nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were characterised by UV-Visible spectrophotometer, FTIR and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Further the oil mediated AgNPs were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity by in vitro and in vivo methods. Results: Nigella sativa oil mediated AgNPs were biofabricated with ease and exhibited good anti-inflammatory activity compared to standard. Conclusion: This study concludes that Nigella sativa seed oil mediated silver nanoparticles have the potential to be used as an effective antioxidant. Hence, it may be used in many medicinal applications to treat inflammation.

}, keywords = {Anti- Inflammatory effect, Nigella sativa, Rananculaceae, SEM analysis, Silver nanoparticles}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.153}, author = {Sheik Shehensha and M Vijaya Jyothi} }