@article {2212, title = {The In-Vivo Assessment of the Effect of Traditionally Used Asparagus laricinus Extracts for Anticancer on the Kidney, Liver, and Spleen of Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {76-87}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {76}, abstract = {

Introduction: The plants has been a fertile source of revealing novel molecules discovered by sophisticated techniques for drug discovery. The present research was triggered by the increase in the use of Asparagus laricinus as home remedy, with a lot of studies done invitro on the plant evaluating possible toxic effects of the dried roots extracts using Sprague Dawley rats as animal models was needed. The objectives of the study was to investigate deviations effects in haematology and histology parameters, on the liver, kidneys and spleen tissues of animals exposed to aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Asparagus laricinus roots. Methods: Interfaculty Animal Ethics Committee approval was obtained from the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Free State. All experimental work was performed in Animal Research Unit at the University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. The supernatant of dried plants was filtered, and the ethanol removed completely under vacuum. The aqueous sample was lyophilized to obtain dried powdered material. The powdered plant material was dissolved in distilled water to prepare 2\%, 10\% and 20\% concentration. 54 Sprague Dawley rats (180g and 250g), both male and female, were divided into two groups of 24 and 30 rats for aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. The aqueous group was further divided into four subgroups of 6 rats which were exposed to 2\%, 10\% and 20\% extracts and the final group were controls (unexposed). The ethanolic group was divided into five subgroups of 6 rats which were exposed to increasing doses of 50, 100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day extracts and the last group were controls (unexposed). The aqueous extracts were administered to the three subgroups for eight weeks ad libitum while the control group was exposed to tap water. Ethanol extracts were administered daily over a period of two weeks through gavage and the control group was administered water through gavage as well. Blood samples were collected, animals were sacrificed, and organs/tissues excised for histological assessment. Results: Haematological tests were selected as indicators of the damage to the tissue of organs, including the liver, kidney, and spleen. Comparison of treatment groups (n=6) and controls (n=6) across all ethanol extracts showed significant differences in the starting median change in weight at the 200g/kg/day dosage, as well as the median termination weight at 400g/kg/day. There were no statistical differences between the treatment groups and controls with regard to the rest of haematological variables. Comparison of the controls (n=6) and treatment groups (n=6) revealed an average median change in weight of slightly above 50g over the entire eightweek period of experimentation with aqueous extracts. The Histological evaluation could not reveal any pathological changes in both the aqueous and ethanolic extracts across all levels of dosage. Discussion and conclusion: Haematological results could not show any patterns in abnormalities although we observed statistically significant results on few parameters. Histologically, no pathological changes were observed. In conclusion, we summarize that the toxicological evaluation of Asparagus laricinus extracts may be considered relatively free of toxicity when given orally, as it did not cause death, damage, or inflammation to the tissues, nor produced any remarkable haematological adverse effects in both the male and female Sprague Dawley rats.

}, keywords = {Asparagus Laricinus, Haematology, Histology, In vivo, Sprague Dawley rats}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.11}, author = {Sekobane Daniel Mokgawa and Pakiso Moses Makhoahle and Samson Mashele} } @article {2012, title = {Complete Blood Profile after administration of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract in capsule form}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {375-383}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {375}, abstract = {

Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) has been studied as an immunostimulant, increasing macrophage cell activity and phagocytosis capacity. Based on that circumstance, the study aims to prove the immunostimulating effect by measuring the activity of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract in the capsule for the complete blood profile of healthy volunteers. The number of volunteers used was twenty people, and the volunteers were divided into two groups. The first group was given a placebo capsule without Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract. The second group was given a capsule with Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract with a dose of 67 mg, which was taken once a day for three days. Blood sampling was obtained before and after taking the capsule preparation. Observation of the complete blood profile was conducted by investigating changes in blood parameters such as haemoglobin levels, number of erythrocytes, number of leukocytes, hematocrit values, number of thrombocytes and the percentage of leukocyte types (banded neutrophils, segmented neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes). The second group given Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract showed a significant effect on the increase in haemoglobin levels, number of thrombocytes and hematocrit values (p\<0.05). The percentage of leukocyte type values showed that lymphocytes increased significantly (p\<0.05). In contrast, the segmented neutrophil increased but did not show a significant difference with the percentage of banded neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils and monocytes (p\>0.05). There was a nonsignificant result in all parameters for the first group, which was administrated with a placebo capsule without Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam. extract.

}, keywords = {Banded neutrophil, Basophils, Eosinophils, erythrocytes, Haematology, Haemoglobin, Hematocrit, Hydrocotile sibthorpioides Lam., Immunostimulants, Leukocytes, Lymphocyte, Monocytes, Segmented neutrophil, Thrombocytes.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.58}, author = {Afriwardi and Adrul Fauzan and Salman Umar and Yufri Aldi} } @article {1069, title = {Subacute Toxicity of Butanol Fraction of Tali Putri Plants (Cassytha filiformis L.) Against Hematology Parameters of White Male Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {February 2020}, pages = {25-28}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {25}, abstract = {

Hematotoxicity study of butanol fraction of Cassytha filiformis L. on white male mice has been performed. A total of 12 white male mice were used, and they were divided into four groups. Each group consists of 3 mice. These animals were treated with Cassytha filiformis L. butanolic fraction at several doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg for seven days. Hemoglobin value, erythrocytes, platelets, leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils counts were measured at the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day of treatment. The data of this study were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, followed by Duncan{\textquoteright}s multiple region tests. The results showed that the doses of butanol fraction did not affect hemoglobin value, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and neutrophils (p \>0.1), but it significantly reduced platelet, monocyte, lymphocyte count, and increases eosinophils (p \<0.01) counts within their normal limits. There is no influence on the duration of administration and the interaction of dosage, and also the duration of use of the parameters above. This result implies that the Cassytha filiformis butanol fraction at doses of 2.5-10 mg/kg does not affect hematology parameters if it were used for seven days.

}, keywords = {Butanol fraction, Cassytha filiformis L, Haematology, Subacute toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.5}, author = {Dwisari Dillasamola and Annisa Yatursyi and Armenia} }