@article {1665, title = {Standardization Extracts and Simplicia of Limau Sundai Peel (Citrus x aurantiifolia {\textquoteright}sundai{\textquoteright}), Determine Content of Nobiletin and Antibacterial Activity Test}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1323-1331}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1323}, abstract = {

Introduction: One type of oranges typical of West Sumatra, which is widely used as traditional medicine is sundai lime (Citrus x aurantiifolia {\textquoteright}sundai{\textquoteright}); Aims: therefore, it is necessary to standardize extracts and Simplicia, determine the content of nobiletin, and antibacterial activity test. Methods: The standardization method was used refer to Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. TLC Densitometry was used to determine the content of the nobiletin, and the diffusion method to antibacterial activity test. To get a good standardization, the sundai lime was taken from three regions: Bukittinggi, Pariaman, and Solok. Results: From these three regions, conclusions drawn from the macroscopic fruit peel slices were uneven and had distinctive odors. The outer surface is brown, and the inner surface is yellowish-white. From the microscopic was identified fragments in sundai lime peels consisting of hair covering, ladder-shaped transport, parenchyma with secretion cells, oxalate crystals, and parenchyma tissue and stomata. Water-soluble extract content of Simplicia <= 24.90 \%, and ethanol-soluble extract content <= 17.66 \%. Non-specific parameters are loss on drying <= 5.65 \%, total ash content <= 5.14 \%, and acid insoluble ash content <= 0.80 \%. The specific parameters were crude extract, black, characteristic odor, Rf of nobiletin was 0.75. Rendement extract >= 18.80 \%. Non-specific parameters of extract were water content <= 18.37 \%, total ash content <= 3.93 \%, and non-acidic ash content <= 0.27 \%. The nobiletin content in the sundai lime extract Pariaman was 0.33 \%, Solok 0.59 \%, and Bukittinggi 0.47 \%. The antibacterial test with diffusion method in three regions has moderate activities as concentrations of 20\% and 15\%. Conclusion: Sundai lime had Antibacterial activity.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial activity, Citrus x aurantiifolia({\textquoteright}sundai{\textquoteright}), Nobiletin, standardization, Sundai lime peel fruit, TLC Densitometry}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.167}, author = {Elidahanum Husni and Friardi Ismed and Awaliana} } @article {953, title = {Co-Chemotherapeutic Effect of Ageratum conyzoides L. Chloroform Fraction and 5-Fluorouracil on Hela Cell Line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {913-918}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {913}, abstract = {

Objective: This study was to determine the co-chemotherapeutic effect of the chloroform fraction of bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) (CFB) and its combination with 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) by in vitro and in silico assay. Methods: Ethanolic extract of bandotan were fractionated with chloroform. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) used to identify active compound and in vitro study with MTT Assay to determine the viability of HeLa cells after extract treatment. Molecular docking used Autodock Vina for in silico study to visualize molecular interaction and affinity between nobiletin and 5-FU with Bcl-XL protein. Results: The result of TLC for CFB showed the Rf value of 0.75, it has the similar value with quersetin standard and indicated that CFB contains flavonoid compound. The Molecular docking had ΔG for nobiletin and 5-FU were -8.0 and -4.7 kcal/mol, respectively. This result showed that the affinity of nobiletin with Bcl-XL protein higher than 5-FU. Single cytotoxic assay of CFB and 5-FU showed the IC50 value of 30 μg/ml and 45 μg/ml, respectively. Combination assay of CFB and 5-FU showed the CI value of 0.36, meaning the presence of synergistic effects. Conclusion: CFB has a positive effect to inhibit viability of HeLa cervical cancer cells and potential to develop as co-chemotherapy agent with 5-FU.

}, keywords = {Ageratum conyzoides L., Bcl-XL protein, Cytotoxic assay, Molecular docking, Nobiletin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.146}, author = {Rifki Febriansah and Titi Komalasari} }