@article {2609, title = {Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Phellinus rimosus Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {18}, year = {2026}, month = {June 2026}, pages = {181-186}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {181}, abstract = {

Background: Phellinus rimosus is a medicinal mushroom with potential bioactive properties, although scientific evidence supporting its pharmacological activities remains limited. Objective: To investigate the phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic and aqueous extracts of P. rimosus. Materials and Methods: Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were determined using colorimetric assays. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP methods. Anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by measuring nitric oxide (NO) inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Statistical analysis was performed at P \< 0.05. Results: The ethanolic extract contained significantly higher TPC (361.04 {\textpm} 5.69 mg GAE/g extract) and TFC (646.55 {\textpm} 6.29 mg RE/g extract) than the aqueous extract. It exhibited strong antioxidant activity with IC$_{5}$$_{0}$ values of 9.56 {\textpm} 0.47 μg/mL (DPPH) and 5.40 {\textpm} 0.06 μg/mL (ABTS), and a FRAP value of 52.39 {\textpm} 0.25 mM Fe{\texttwosuperior}$^{+}$/100 mg extract. The ethanolic extract also significantly inhibited NO production (IC$_{5}$$_{0}$ = 54.40 {\textpm} 2.35 μg/mL) without cytotoxicity, whereas the aqueous extract showed no inhibitory effect. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of P. rimosus demonstrates notable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may serve as a promising natural source of bioactive compounds.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, Flavonoid content, nitric oxide inhibition, Phellinus rimosus, Phenolic content}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2026.18.132}, author = {Pornpun Laovachirasuwan and Sonesay Thammavong and Khwanruan Naksuwankul and Sounantha suvanlasy and Theera Rittirod and Weerapong Prasongchean and Jidapha Sangmahachai and Sutthipong Chiangtong and Panwad Lerdpiriyasakulkit and Burin T. Sriwong and Piyachet Jatuten and Methin Phadungkit} } @article {1836, title = {In vitro Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities as well as Phytochemical Content of the Fresh Stem Juice from Montrichardia arborescens Schott (Araceae)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {August 2022}, pages = {296-304}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {296}, abstract = {

Background: Montrichardia arborescens Schott (Araceae) is traditionally used for treating, among others, inflammatory conditions, but so far without scientific evidence. In this study, the fresh stem juice was assessed for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and phytochemical content. Methods: The stem juice{\textquoteright}s anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using a heat-induced bovine serum albumin (BSA) denaturation assay and a hypotonicity-induced human erythrocyte membrane lysis assay. Its antioxidant activity was determined by a DPPH free radical-scavenging assay and a FRAP assay. Diclofenac and Trolox were used as reference compounds. Its phytochemical content was qualitatively explored by standard methods. Data (means {\textpm} SDs; n >= 3) were evaluated for statistically significant differences (p \< 0.05) using ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc adjustments. Results: At >= 12.5\% (v/v), the stem juice inhibited BSA denaturation by 50\%-75\% and membrane lysis by roughly 90\%. At 0.20-7.0\% (v/v), it did not affect BSA denaturation but stabilized membranes by \> 50\%. The juice scavenged DPPH free radicals at an EC50 of 2.0 {\textpm} 0.2\% (v/v) and achieved at that dilution an antioxidant power of 2,616 {\textpm} 16 μM Fe2+ equivalents. All the effects were in the range of those found with diclofenac 50 μg/mL and Trolox 1.0-6.0 μg/mL. The stem juice contained phenolic compounds, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, and glycosides. Conclusion: The M. arborescens stem juice exhibited appreciable anti-inflammatory activities that might mainly be associated with the inhibition of the release of inflammatory mediators, along with notable antioxidant activity, which might be attributable to phytochemicals with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant activity, In vitro studies, Montrichardia arborescens Schott, Phytochemical content, Stem juice}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.99}, author = {Dennis R.A. Mans and Priscilla Friperson and Meryll Djotaroeno and Vinoj Sewberath Misser and Jennifer Pawirodihardjo} } @article {1183, title = {Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Quantitative Analysis of Major Compounds of the Mixtures of Derris scandens (DZSS) Formula}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {828-834}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {828}, abstract = {

Background: The mixtures of Derris scandens (DZSS) formula is a Thai traditional medicine, which consists of 4 medicinal plants, including Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth. (D) Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Z), Suregada multiflora Baill. (S) and Siphonodon celastrineus (S). The DZSS formula has been used in an oral dosage form for the treatment of muscle pain. However, the phytochemical profiles and the pharmacological activities of the combined DZSS formula have not been clearly investigated. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profiles and the anti-inflammatory activity of the DZSS formula. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extracts of the formula (50\% and 95\% ethanolic extracts) were prepared by using soxhlet extraction and which were analyzed by using HPLC. The anti-inflammatory activity of the DZSS formula was tested for its inhibitory effect against nitric oxide (NO) production in Raw 264.7 cells macrophage.The cytotoxic effect of the formula was determined by using the MTT assay. Results: The 95\% ethanolic extract of the DZSS formula exhibited a pronounced anti-inflammatory activity with the IC50 of 40.08 {\textpm} 2.78 μg/mL. The 95\% ethanolic extract possessed a more potent anti-inflammatory activity than that of the 50\% ethanolic extract and with no cytotoxicity. HPLC analysis indicated that the 95\% ethanolic extract also had a higher yield of genistein and compound D, which are obtained the amount of 0.71 {\textpm} 0.00 and 18.89 {\textpm} 0.24 mg/g extract, respectively. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the 95\% ethanolic extract of the DZSS formula possessed a significant anti-inflammatory activity but which is still required to investigate about biological activity in vivo and clinical study.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory activity, Compound D, Derris scandens, genistein, HPLC, Nitric Oxide (NO)}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.119}, author = {Orapan Ayameang and Ruchilak Rattarom and Catheleeya Mekjaruskul and Wanida Caichompoo} } @article {940, title = {In vitro Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Senecio asperulus and Gunnera perpensa from Mohale{\textquoteright}s Hoek, Lesotho}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {730-739}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {730}, abstract = {

Background: Traditional medicinal plants have been widely used to treat or manage various ailments for centuries in Lesotho. With an increase in multi drug resistance and undesired adverse events to current drugs challenges, there is a need for alternative drugs. Aim: In this study we aimed at the investigation of antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Senecio asperulus and Gunnera perpensa roots extracted in three solvents of different polarities. Materials and Methods: Antibacterial activity was determined using the disc diffusion method, while antioxidant activity was determined using free radical scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. The Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage in vitro model was used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of both plants. Resveratrol was used as a positive control. Results: Methanol extracts of Senecio asperulus inhibited microbial growth even at the lowest concentration of 50 μg/ml. Senecio asperulus dichloromethane extract was active on most bacteria with MIC{\textquoteright}s between 50 μg/ml and 500 μg/ml. However, the water and methanol extracts of Gunnera perpensa had no activity against all organisms tested. Aqueous extracts of Senecio asperulus and Gunnera perpensa showed free radical scavenging activity yielding EC50 values of 100 μg/ml and 25 μg/ml, respectively. The aqueous extracts of Senecio asperulus showed moderate anti-inflammatory activity from 50 to 200 μg/ml. while the methanol extract was at 200 μg/ml and with no cytotoxicity. No anti-inflammatory activity was observed from all Gunnera perpensa extracts using LPS-induced macrophages, this suggests that this species may be using other mechanisms for anti-inflammatory activity. Conclusion: The antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities observed from water extracts of Senecio asperulus support its ethnomedicinal use for the management of inflammation related diseases.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory activity, Antibacterial activity, antioxidant activity, Gunnera perpensa, Medicinal plants, Senecio asperulus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.116}, author = {Mfengwana Polo-Ma-Abiele H and Mashele Samson S and Manduna Idah T} }