@article {1699, title = {Optimization of Solvent Extraction of the Leaves of Premna serratifolia and Quantitation of Premnaodoroside A by Validated TLC-densitometric Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1656-1663}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1656}, abstract = {

Introduction: The leaves of Premna serratifolia have been widely used in traditional medicine. Its major constituents were iridoid glycosides and phenolic compounds. Antioxidation was one of its reported bioactivities. The aim of this study was to optimize the ethanol concentration used to obtain high quality extracts. Methods: Three sources of leaf samples were separately extracted by 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100\% ethanol. Their content of premnaodoroside A, the major glycoside, was determined by a TLCdensitometric method developed in this study. The content of total phenolic compounds and antioxidants were also determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and DPPH scavenging methods, respectively. Results: The developed TLC-densitometric method showed a good linearity (R2 \> 0.99) in the range of 0.11-0.872 μg/spot. Its limit of detection and limit of quantitation were 0.13 and 0.04 μg/spot, respectively. The method had satisfactory specificity, precision and accuracy. The analysis results of all extracts showed that the 100\% ethanolic extracts exhibited the highest contents of premnaodoroside A (3.23{\textendash}5.25\%), total phenolic compounds (7.56-8.24\% GAE) and antioxidants (4.92{\textendash}6.66\% AAE), but its extractive yields (13.57-19.57\%) were the lowest. Yields of the 40\% and the 80\% ethanolic extracts were the highest in two samples (36.37-45.96\%) and one sample (47.53\%), respectively. Considering of the extractive ability, the 80\% ethanol could extract the highest amounts of all investigated compounds from plant material. Conclusion: The 100\% ethanolic extract possessed the highest contents of the interesting compounds, but the 80\% ethanolic extract had a higher extractive yield. Their benefits and drawbacks must be considered, depending on further application.

}, keywords = {Antioxidation, Extraction optimization, Premna serratifolia, premnaodoroside A, TLCdensitometry, Total phenolic.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.213}, author = {Khin Su Yee and Tasamaporn Sukwattanasinit and Uthai Sotanaphun and Penpun Wetwitayaklung and Bunyapa Wangwattana and Worrakanya Narakornwit} } @article {890, title = {Effect of Agricultural Model of using Fertilizer, Harvesting Time and Extraction Method on Phytochemical Contents and Antioxidant Activities from Mulberry Leaves Grown in Maha Sarakham Province, Thailand}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {531-535}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {531}, abstract = {

Aims: Phytochemical contents and free radical scavenging of Mulberry leaf extracts by using different fertilizer, time of harvesting and solvent extraction were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Dried Mulberry leaves were extracted by using different solvent including aqueous, 50\% ethanol and 95\% ethanol. The phytochemical screening were determined by Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC) and Total Flavonoid Contents (TFC). The anti-oxidation were tested by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging and 2,2 -azinobis-(3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+) assay. Results: This experimental study found that the mulberry leaf extract were given extraction with 95\% ethanol, all of fertilizer and at Week 4 showed highest total phenolic contents espectcially BET2 was high amount of TPC (124.444{\textpm}0.609 mgGE/gExt). The harvest time, all of groups at the Week 4 were significantly higher than all of groups at the Week 2. On the other hand, total flavonoid contents, the DET1 (Fertilizer formula 15-15-15, extraction with 95\% ethanol at the Week 2; 110.913{\textpm}3.208 mgQE/gExt) showed highest amount. The Antioxidant activities, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, The groups were given extraction with 95\% ethanol, all of fertilizer at the Week 4 including CHT2 (IC50 =0.00459{\textpm}0.00001 mg/mL), BHT2 (IC50 =0.00487 {\textpm}0.00005 mg/mL), AHT2 (IC50 =0.00499{\textpm}0.00007 mg/mL), DHT2 (IC50 =0.00499{\textpm}0.00005 mg/mL) and EHT2 (IC50 =0.00667 {\textpm}0.00039 mg/mL) were more potent on free radical scavenging higher than all of groups. The ABTS+ assay, at the Week 2 of all fertilizer groups were given with all solvent extraction including BHT1 (IC50 =0.03191{\textpm}0.00257 mg/mL), CHT1 (IC50 =0.03247{\textpm}0.00044 mg/mL), AHT1 (IC50 =0.03320{\textpm}0.00120 mg/mL), EHT1 (IC50 =0.03342{\textpm}0.00116 mg/mL) and AAT1 (IC50 =0.03792{\textpm}0.00076 mg/mL) showed free radical scavenging activity not different from standard substances, ascorbic acid (IC50 =0.00699 {\textpm}0.00004 mg/mL) and Trolox\ (IC50 =0.01594{\textpm}0.00116 mg/mL). Conclusion: The study was undertaken to investigate it{\textquoteright}s fertilizer use, harvest time and extraction method for biologically activities also chemical composition contents and their antioxidant potentials. Therefore, our data might be help to good cultivation and harvesting practice selection in order to produce better of mulberry leaf production.

}, keywords = {Antioxidation, Fertilizer, Harvesting, Mulberry leaves, Phytochemistry}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.85}, author = {Pharnuwan Chanhan and Ampa Konsue and Rachanee Nammatra} }