@article {2218, title = {Punicalagin Opposes Gentamicin Nephrotoxicity in Rats: Role of Nrf2 and NF-κB Pathways}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {126-130}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {126}, abstract = {

Background: Oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis are implicated in gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity. Punicalagin (PNG) possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. Objective: The aim of the present research was to investigate the possible defensive effect of PNG against nephrotoxicity caused by GEN in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Materials and Methods: GEN (80 mg/kg/day, i.p.) was administered for 8 days. Treatment with PNG (25 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 10 days, began 2 days before GEN insult. Results: PNG significantly decreased serum creatinine, and malondialdehyde, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF- κB p65), and cleaved caspase-3 activity in the kidneys of GEN-challenged rats. PNG also significantly increased renal catalase, reduced glutathione, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in rats received GEN. Additionally, PNG markedly attenuated the histopathological kidney tissue injury caused by GEN. Conclusion: PNG guarded against GEN-induced kidney damage in rats through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects, and by modulating the balance between Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways.

}, keywords = {Gentamicin, Kidney, Punicalagin, Rats}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.17}, author = {Amr A. Fouad and Moataz Mohamedalhasan Ali and Mostafa Abdel-Hamid} } @article {1185, title = {The Nephroprotective And Antioxidant Activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq. Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {843-849}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {843}, abstract = {

Background: Sterculia has an antioxidant activity. The Sterculia genus has phenols and flavonoids content, and this chemical content may be have an nephroprotective activity. Objective: The study was to investigate the in vitro study of antioxidant activity with DPPH and FRAP study and nephroprotective activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq. Leaves extract. Materials and Methods: The leaves was extracted using ethanol. This extract was determined for antioxidant activity by in vitro study with DPPH and FRAP methods, determined the content of total phenols, total flavonoids, and also identification of chemical content. Nephrotoxicity study done by induced gentamycin. The groups divided 6 group, consist: negative control, positive control, normal control, and the extract with dose 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/ kg. The parameter for nephroprotective activity was tubular necrosis, the presence of tubules casts and glomerular damage, creatinine serum, and urea. Results: The ethanol extract has IC50 162.34 μg/ml for DPPH scavenging activity and 18.65 {\textpm} 3.53 FeEAC (Mol/g) for FRAP. The secondary metabolite presence flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, alkaloids, and glycosides. The total phenols 462.36 {\textpm} 9.23 mg GAE/gr, total flavonoids content 59.44 {\textpm} 0.11 mg QE/gr extract. All the dose have an nephroprotective activity, but the best dose was 50 mg/kg. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Sterculia rubiginosa showed antioxidant activity and nephroprotective activity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Gentamicin, Nephroprotective, Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll Ex. Miq.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.121}, author = {Rini Prastiwi and Ema Dewanti and Inka Nurul Fadliani and Nessa Aqilla and Salwaa Salsabila and Vera Ladeska} } @article {568, title = {Nephroprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Pimpinella anisum in Gentamicin Induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {March 2018}, pages = {403-407}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {403}, abstract = {

Background: Pimpinella anisum known for its various medicinal properties is also a natural antioxidant and a free radical scavenger with no documented evidence as a nephroprotective agent. Objective: To evaluate the nephroprotective activity of aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum seeds in a rodent model of gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino rats of either sex, weighing 150\–200 g was divided into 5 groups; normal saline, gentamicin 80mg/kg, intraperitoneally for 8 days, aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum seeds at 1, 2, and 4g/kg, per oral for 8 days, the test extract administered 3 days prior and concurrently with gentamicin for 5 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen analyses and microscopic examination of kidney were performed. Results: Gentamicin treatment caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in serum urea, serum uric acid, serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (107.5\±16.92mg/dl, 0.8\±0.09 mg/dl, 3.05\±0.29 mg/dl, 47.8\±9.07 mg/dl) respectively when compared to the saline treated groups. Co-administration of Pimpinella anisum extract with gentamicin decreased the rise in these parameters in a dose dependent manner. Histopathological analysis revealed epithelial loss with intense granular degeneration in gentamicin treated rats, whereas aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum mitigated the severity of gentamicin-induced renal damage. Conclusion: To conclude, our data suggest that aqueous extract of Pimpinella anisum exhibits renoprotective effect in gentamicin induced renal damage and further studies on its mechanism of action are warranted.

}, keywords = {Aniseed, Drug induced nephrotoxicity, Gentamicin, Nephroprotective, Pimpinella anisum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.3.66}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/532}, author = {Nair Aiswarya and Rao Rashmi R and Shenoy Preethi J and Vinod Chandran and S Teerthanath and Pai Sunil B and KB Rakesh} } @article {84, title = {Antibacterial Activity of Tinctures from Tree leaves belonging to the Bignoniaceae family and their Synergistic Effect with Antibiotics}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {01/2015}, pages = {400-405}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {400}, abstract = {

Context: Some species of Bignoniaceae are widely used in medicinal practice by the natives of South America. Aims: Tinctures and infusions from twelve tree species of this family were evaluated for in vitro antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria. The effect of interactions between the four most active extracts and conventional antibiotics was also evaluated. Methods and Material: Bioautography and disc diffusion methods were used to select the most active extracts, then agar macrodilution and broth microdilution method were used to determine the minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentration (MIC and MBC). Time-kill assay and checkerboard method were employed to determine the type of antimicrobial effect and synergism, respectively. Results: It could be determined that tinctures from Catalpa bignonioides, Handroanthus pulcherrimus, Tabebuia nodosa and Tecoma stans were able to inhibit bacterial growth. The MIC and MBC observed were between 125-1000 \μg GAE/ ml and 500-1000 \μg GAE/ml, respectively. The tested extracts were more effective against Gram-positive microorganisms. Time-kill experiments indicated bacteriostatic activity. Phytochemical screening showed terpenoids, phenols and flavonoids. Alkaloids were detected only in Tecoma stans. Among these combinations, the best was Tabebuia nodosa extract plus gentamicin. In most cases, MIC values were reduced 16-32 times for antibiotics, and even 8-16 times for extracts. Conclusion: These results revealed that some of the selected combinations could efficiently inhibit the growth of tested strains at lower concentrations than those required for the lonely use of the antimicrobial. These extracts would improve the efficacy of antibiotics against resistant bacteria, hence they could be used for anti-infective therapy.

}, keywords = {Checkerboard method, Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC), Gentamicin, Tabebuia nodosa, Time-kill experiments.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.6.15}, author = {Torres Carola Anal{\'\i}a and Nu{\~n}ez Mar{\'\i}a Beatriz and Isla Mar{\'\i}a In{\'e}s and Castro Marcela Paola and Gonzalez Ana Mar{\'\i}a and Zampini Iris Catiana} } @article {1528, title = {Protective effect of cissampelos pareira linn. Extract on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {26th May 2014}, pages = {59-67}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

Objective: To evaluate the potential nephroprotective and antioxidant activity of hydroalcoholic Cissampelos pareira (C. pareira) whole plant extract using gentamicin-induced rats. Methods: For studying acute toxicity study, single oral dose of 2g/kg hydroalcoholic extract of C. pareira was evaluated in rats by oral gavage. The nephroprotective activity was evaluated using gentamicin-induced model in rats. In-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by using DPPH assay and reducing power assay. In-vivo antioxidant activity was evaluated by using glutathione and lipid peroxidation estimations in gentamicin-induced rats. Hydroalcoholic C. pareira whole plant extract was given at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. Results: For acute toxicity testing rats administered with the extract at a dose 2 g/ kg. the result showed no toxicity. Hydroalcoholic C. Pareira whole plant extract (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o) significantly decrease the elevated urinary glucose levels in the urine, decrease the elevated urea and creatinine levels in blood and increase the urinary creatinine levels in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxic rats. The extract had shown significant dose dependent increase in the DPPH and reducing power activity. There were a dose dependent decreasing and increasing of lipid peroxidation, glutathione levels in hydoalcoholic extract treated groups respectively. Conclusion: This study exhibits that hydroalcoholic C. pareira whole plant extract poses nephroprotective activity which may be due to its antioxidant activity.

Key words: Gentamicin, Cissampelos pareira, creatinine, urea, glucose, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, reducing power, DPPH.

}, keywords = {Cissampelos pareira, Creatinine, DPPH, Gentamicin, Glucose, Glutathione, Lipid peroxidation, Reducing power, urea}, author = {D. R Ch Sekhara Reddy and G Siva Kumar and B. M. Vrushabendra Swamy and K. Phani Kumar} }