@article {2595, title = {Nutritional and Phytochemical Characterization of Moringa oleifera Leaves from an Arid Region: LC-MS and AAS-based Profiling for Potential Dietary Applications}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {18}, year = {2026}, month = {April 2026}, pages = {94-101}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {94}, abstract = {

Background: Moringa oleifera (MO), widely recognized for its exceptional nutritional value and therapeutic properties, has attracted considerable scientific interest. However, the specific bioactive phytochemicals associated with its potential effects in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity remain insufficiently elucidated. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional, therapeutic, and antioxidant potential of Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) from the Gharda{\"\i}a region (Southern Algeria) using hydromethanolic (HME) and aqueous (AE) extracts. Materials and methods: Proteins and carbohydrates contents were quantified using Bradford and DuBois et al.methods respectively. Mineral content was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Bioactive profiles were identified by Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS), alongside antioxidant capacity using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Results: HME exhibited higher protein (19.34 {\textpm} 1.48 g/100 g), while AE contained elevated total sugars (32.24 {\textpm} 1.11 g/100 g). Mineral analysis revealed significant iron (59.07 mg/100 g), magnesium (250.72 mg/100 g), and manganese (7.08 mg/100 g). UPLC-ESI-MS/MS identified 28 bioactive compounds, with Quercetin-3-glucoside (47.91\%) and myricetin (17.47\%) as dominant flavonoids, alongside curcumin (11.21\%) and β-carotene (4.2\%). Ferthermore, AE exhibited significantly higher FRAP values than HME, with IC50 values of 207.09 {\textpm} 2.31 μg/mL and 266.23 {\textpm} 3.63 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: This initial report highlights MOL extracts as a sustainable and cost-effective dietary supplement for managing hyperlipidemia and obesity, due to their rich nutrient content, diverse bioactive compounds, and adaptability to arid climates.

}, keywords = {Dietary supplement, Ghardaia, Hyperlipidemia, Moringa oleifera, Obesity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2026.18.121}, author = {Hafida Kedaid and Ikram Toumi and Mohamed Kraimat and Abdelkader Adamou and Alla Eddine Mahamedi and Youcef Rahmani and Meriem Imelhayene and Alia Telli} } @article {2499, title = {The Effect of Tender Coconut Water on the Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Macrophage Type-1 (M1) in Hyperlipidemic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {277-281}, chapter = {277}, abstract = {

Background: Individuals with hyperlipidemia have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease compared to those with normal total cholesterol levels. High-fat intake can increase cholesterol esters, especially low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides, and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) levels. This causes adipocyte death, infiltration of macrophage type-1 (M1) expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from M1 such as Interleukin 6 (IL-6). The effect leads to apoptosis of vascular and neuronal cells as well as regulates the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Tender coconut water contains antioxidants with the ability to prevent ROS, as well as reduce PKC activation, AGEs formation, and VEGF expression. Objective: To determine the effect of tender coconut water on VEGF and M1 expression in hyperlipidemic male Wistar rats. Method: This research used an experimental design and a post-test Only Control Group Design. The number of samples was 24 rats divided into Groups K1 (healthy rats), K2 (hyperlipidemic rats), K3 (hyperlipidemic rats+ Tender coconut water 4 mL / 200grBW / day), and K4 (hyperlipidemic rats+ coconut water 8 mL / 200grBW / day), with treatment duration of 21 days. VEGF expression data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA test. Results: The highest and lowest average number of M1 was in K2 (28.72) and K1 (3.61). The average in K3 was lower when compared to K2 (14.66 \>\< 28.72). Furthermore, M1 expression in K4 was lower when compared to K3 (6.72 \>\< 14.66). The highest and lowest average VEGF expression was in K2 (4.58) and K1 (1.00). The average K3 was lower when compared to K2 (2.85 \>\< 4.58), and VEGF expression in K4 was lower than K3 (1.76 \>\< 2.85). Conclusion: Tender coconut water affected VEGF expression and M1 quantity in hyperlipidemic rats

}, keywords = {Hyperlipidemia, M1 quantity, Tender coconut water, VEGF expression}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.34}, author = {Winda Noer Oktavia and Siti Thomas Zulaikhah and Agung Putra and Mochamad Navi Suharto and Raja Faisal Manganju Sitorus} } @article {1898, title = {Effect of Bajakah Tea Extract (Spatholobus littoralis Hassk) on High Density Lipoprotein, Triglyceride and Total Cholesterol Levels in Male Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {687-691}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {687}, abstract = {

Hyperlipidemia is the high concentrations of low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the blood. Furthermore, hyperlipidemia has a risk factor for cardiovascular complications through atherosclerosis that triggers coronary heart disease (CHD). Spatholobus littoralis Hassk known as Bajakah tea is a plant with high antioxidant content and acts as an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor to suppress lipid metabolism disorders, increase HDL levels, and reduce triglycerides and total cholesterol. Experimental and posttest control group design methods were used to obtain 24 male Wistar rats. Furthermore, the experimental animals were randomly divided into 4 groups, namely K1 (normal rats), K2 (hyperlipidemia rats), K3 (hyperlipidemic rats + pirated tea extract dose 9 mg/200gramBW/day), and K4 (hyperlipidemic rats + simvastatin dose 0.18 mg/200 gBW/day). The study was conducted at the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies Laboratory, Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta. Data levels of HDL, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were analyzed using the One Way Anova test and LSD post hoc to determine between groups. The results showed that an increase in triglyceride and total cholesterol and a decrease in HDL levels in the K2 group compared to the K1. Triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased in groups K3 and K4 compared to K2, and HDL levels increased in groups K3 and K4 compared to K2. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis obtained p value \<0.05. This study concluded that the administration of Bajakah tea extract at a dose of 9 mg/200gram BW/day for 14 days increase HDL, reduce triglyceride and total cholesterol levels (p\<0,05).

}, keywords = {HDL levels, Hyperlipidemia, Pirated tea extract, Total cholesterol., Triglycerides}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.155}, author = {Sampurna and Andin Putri Aulia and Eka Puji Liashari and Happy Hapsari and Syafrie Sahrul Gibran and Siti Thomas Zulaikhah} } @article {927, title = {Antihyperlipidemic Activity of Murraya koenigii Leaves Methanolic and Aqueous Extracts on Serum Lipid Profile of High Fat-Fructose Fed Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {836-841}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {836}, abstract = {

Background: Dyslipidemia has been considered as one of coronary risk factors contributing to the cardiovascular diseases. The beneficial effects of Murraya koenigii leaf on HFFD induced hyperlipidemia in rats has been very less reported in the recent review of literature. Aim and Objectives: To study the hypolipidemic activity of Murraya koenigii leaves on the serum lipid profile in HFFD rat model. Material and Methods: Thirty-six rats of either sex were randomly divided into six groups of six animals each. HFFD was fed p.o to all rats from Groups I, II, IV, V and VI except Group III throughout the period of 14 weeks. Group III rats received normal diet and water ad libitum only. Group I, II, IV and V were treated respectively with AEMK (200 mg/kg/day, p. o), MEMK (200 mg/kg/day, p. o), MET (50 mg/kg/day, p. o) and ATO (10 mg/kg/day, p. o). On the last day of experimental study, blood was collected by retro-orbital puncture method. BSL and lipid profile were assessed. Results: Elevated levels of TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C and diminished level of HDL-C were observed in group VI. Murraya koenigii leaves extract exhibited significant hypolipidemic effect on serum TC and LDL-C in rats owing to its hypocholesterolemic properties. AIP was highly significant in both of AEMK and MEMK extracts. Conclusion: Results of the present study have suggested that the antihyperlipidemic activity of Murraya koenigii leaves leading to decrease in serum lipid parameters mainly TC, LDL-C along with atherogenic risk might be due to its presence of bioactive compounds.

}, keywords = {Atherogenic index, High fat-fructose diet, Hyperlipidemia, lipid profile, Murraya Koenigii}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.134}, author = {Rohan S. Phatak and Chitra C. Khanwelkar and Somnath M. Matule and Kailas D. Datkhile and Anup S. Hendre} } @article {874, title = {In-vitro Anti-diabetic and Antioxidant Efficacy of Methanolic Extract of Encephalartos ferox leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {455-460}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {455}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes mellitus has been identified as one of the global cause of disability and death. Objectives: The study aim to investigate the in-vitro antidibetic and antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Encephalartos ferox leaves. Materials and Methods: The plant was screened for its Phytochemical composition. The plant material was extracted with methanol and the methanolic extract was screened (in-vitro) for its antioxidant activity using ABTS and DPPH assays. The potential antidiabetic activity of the plant extract was evaluated against some carbohydrates (α- amylase and α-glucosidase) and lipid (pancreatic lipase) digestive enzymes. The inverted intestinal sac model was also used to investigate the effect of the extract on intestinal glucose absorption. The anti-protein glycation activity of the extract was determined using haemoglobin. Results: The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of most of the phytochemicals (Tannins, Flavonoids, Terpenoids, Alkaloids etc) that were screened for. The crude extract exhibited the antidiabetic potential as it significantly (P\< 0.05) inhibited α-glucosidase and pancreatic lipase in a dose dependent fashion. The extract also effectively reduced intestinal glucose absorption. The extract further showed antioxidant activity by efficiently scavenging ABTS and DPPH radicals with IC50 values of 68.3 μg/ml and 308 μg/ml, respectively. The extract also inhibited haemoglobin glycation, thus displaying the anti-protein glycation potential. Conclusion: It is apparent that E. ferox extract could serve as scaffold for diabetic therapy. For future study, cytotoxicity profile and in vivo investigation of the antidiabetic activity of the crude extract are essential.

}, keywords = {Diabetic, Flavonoids, Hyperglycaemia, Hyperlipidemia, Hypoglycaemic, Protein- glycation}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.71}, author = {Michael Chukwuka Ojo and Foluso Oluwagbemiga Osunsanmi and Godfrey Elijah Zaharare and Rebamang Anthony Mosa and Nkosinathi David Cele and Michael Osawemi Oboh and Andy Rowland Opoku} }