@article {1788, title = {Virgin coconut oil and tuberculosis: A mini-review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {464-469}, type = {Mini-Review}, chapter = {464}, abstract = {

Virgin coconut oil is widely promoted and used as healthy and beneficial oil. One of them is caused by antimicrobials. Caprylic, caproic acid, capric acid, lauric acid and tau glyceryl monolaurate are other VCO compositions. Furthermore, due to the non-heating manufacturing process, the content in VCO can reduce cholesterol levels of triglycerides, LDL, phospholipids, VLDL and increase HDL in blood serum. VCO consumption lowers the number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies while increasing the conversion of BTA sputum. Until now, the prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) disease was extremely high. VCO can be used as a supplement to help TB patients recover faster.

}, keywords = {Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Tuberculosis, Virgin coconut oil}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.59}, author = {Fathul Djannah and Muhammad Nasrum Massi and Mochammad Hatta and Agussalim Bukhari and Irda Handayani and Muhammad Faruk and Anny Setijo Rahaju} } @article {1283, title = {A Study on Phyllanthus amarus; Pharmacognostic, Mycobactericidal and Mutagenic Properties}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {1732-1739}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1732}, abstract = {

Background: Phyllanthus amarus is a medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments which include gonorrhoea, jaundice, diabetes, kidney diseases, bladder and intestinal infections, influenza, measles, viral infections, and tuberculosis. Tuberculosis treatment is faced with many challenges, resulting in a prolonged treatment regimen and potential treatment failure. There is a need to search for more favourable treatment options. Objective: This study aimed at investigating the pharmacognostic and mycobactericidal properties of P. amarus. Since toxicity could also be an issue, the mutagenic activity of this plant was also assessed. Materials and Methods: The macroscopic, microscopic, and physicochemical characteristics were assessed with reference to the Quality Control Methods for Herbal Material WHO (2011). The mycobactericidal activity was determined by the agar diffusion and broth dilution methods, while mutagenicity was investigated by the Ames test. Results: P. amarus contained tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and steroids. The 50\% ethanol extract exhibited activity against M. smegmatis at 100 mg/mL with an inhibitory zone of 2.0 cm. P. amarus had a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 mg/mL while that of rifampin was 0.1 μg/mL. P. amarus showed weak mutagenicity at a concentration of 10 μg/mL. Conclusion: The documented pharmacognostic characteristics can be used for quality control of the crude plant material. The mycobactericidal activity also affirmed its folkloric use in the treatment of tuberculosis. The mycobactericidal activity can be further exploited for drug development.

}, keywords = {Fluorescence, Mutagenic activity, P. amarus, Pharmacognostic, Tuberculosis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.235}, author = {Emelia Oppong Bekoe and Cindy Kitcher and Philip Debrah and Patrick Amoateng and Paul Owusu Donkor and Sarfoa Martinson} } @article {729, title = {Network Analysis of Indigenous Indonesia Medical Plants for Treating Tuberculosis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1159-1164}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1159}, abstract = {

Background: Indonesia is the biggest archipelago country with the second biggest biodiversity in the world. A lot of medical plants for treating various diseases can be found in Indonesia, including medical plants for tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Objective: The goal of this research is to document the information of Indonesia indigenous medical plants that used various local societies to treat tuberculosis and also analyze active compounds of medical plants with proteins that related to tuberculosis. Methods and Material: The annotation of medical plants for treating tuberculosis was collected from a various source comprising local research papers, theses, and other resources. The information of active compound was taken from Dr. Duke\’s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases. A network of active compounds-proteins was analyzed by using Cytoscape 3.6.0. Results: The result described that there were twenty-seven species from nineteen families of medical plants used by local societies of Indonesia for tuberculosis therapy, and there were sundry of active compounds from fourteen medical plants had direct interaction with proteins related tuberculosis. Conclusions: Most of the active compounds targeted proteins that had a prominent role in immune system. It indicated that medical plants treating tuberculosis through regulating immunity of human body.

}, keywords = {Cytoscape, Immune system, Indonesia medical plants, Network, Tuberculosis}, doi = {xx10.5530/pj.2018.6.198}, author = {Sherry Aristyani and Sri Widyarti and Sutiman Bambang Sumitro} }