@article {719, title = {Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Studies in Leaf Extracts of Indigofera aspalathoides (Vahl.)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1208-1215}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1208}, abstract = {

Introduction: In traditional Indian herbal medicine, the plant Indigofera aspalathoides (Vahl.) has been used to treat various human ailments. Methods and Results: Various phytochemical compounds (Rf value) such as Tannin (1.14), Flavonoid (1.14), Saponin (0.87), Sterol (0.88) and Phenol (0.86) were found in the leaf extract. The antimicrobial effects of the phytoconstituents were examined for three bacterial and fungal species. The highest anti-bacterial and antifungal activities were found in flavonoid compound, where the maximum zone of inhibition was recorded in Staphylococcus aureus 18mm compared to positive control chloramphenicol (24mm). 13mm observed in A. flavus and A. ochraceous where positive control streptomycin exhibits 18mm. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of three major compounds in 8\α (2H)-Phenanthrenol, 7-ethenyldodecahydro-1,1,4\α, 7-tetramethyl-, acetate, [4\αs(4\α\α, 4b\α, 7\α, 8\α\α, 10\α\α)], Benzoic acid, 4-methyl- , 2-oxo-2- phenylethyl ester and Cyclohexanol, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-, [1S-(1\α,2\α,5\α)] in the crude extracts. The preparative HPLC analysis proved the presence of single peak from the crude flavonoid compounds, where the absorption maximum was between 207-290nm exhibited by the UV spectrum analysis. FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of amide group, phenol group, carboxylic acid, alkynyl, alkene and aromatic ring. NMR studies proved the presence of phenyl group, methyl group and H2C-CH group and their molecular weight recorded as 353 through the mass spectrum analysis. Conclusion: The identified compound considered as the vital compound to design the \“green antimicrobial drugs\”.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activities, GC-MS, HPLC, Indigofera aspalathoides, MS, NMR}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6.207}, author = {Tamilarasan Tamil Kumar and Seeni Mohamed Salique and Mohamed Hussain Muhammad Ilyas and Nooruddin Thajuddin and Annamalai Panneerselvam and Mohamed Khan Syed Ali Padusha and Hussain Syed Jahangir} } @article {1524, title = {Pharmacognostic evaluation and chrysazin quantitation of Xyris indica flowering heads}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {26th May 2014}, pages = {16-22}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

Objectives: The present study aimed to establish quality specification of Xyris indica L. flowering heads. The pharmacognostic parameters were investigated. Chrysazin contents were analyzed by TLC image analysis using ImageJ software compared to TLC-densitometry. Methods: X. indica flowering heads from 15 different sources in Thailand were collected. Morphological and physicochemical parameters were characterized. Chrysazin was successively extracted and determined by TLC image analysis using ImageJ software and TLC-densitometry. Results: Macroscopic study was illustrated as whole plant drawing. The microscopic study showed fragment of corolla, seeds, pollen grain and staminode. The pharmacognostic parameters revealed that the loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and water content should be not more than 6.90, 2.50, 0.41, and 11.12 of \% dry weight respectively while water and ethanol-soluble extractive values should be not less than 6.59 and 4.03 of \% dry weight respectively. TLC fingerprint revealed clearly chrysazin yellow fluorescent band at 365 nm. Chrysazin quantitation by TLC image analysis and TLC densitometry were developed and validated. Chrysazin content was 0.022 \± 0.001 \% dry weight by both methods. There was no statistically significantly difference between these methods. Conclusion: This study provided pharmacognostic specification and chrysazin content of X. indica flowering heads that can be used for basic quality control and standardization of plant material. TLC image analysis using ImageJ software showed reliable and convenient for analysis of chrysazin content in this crude drug.

Key words: Xyris indica, Pharmacognostic specification, Chrysazin, Quantitative analysis, Antimicrobial activities

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activities, Chrysazin, Pharmacognostic specification, Quantitative analysis, Xyris indica}, author = {Chuanchom Khuniad and Worathat Thitikornpong and Chanida Palanuvej and Nijsiri Ruangrungsi} }