@article {2604, title = {Network Pharmacology-based Prediction and In Vivo Validation of Red Ginger and Turmeric Extract Combinations against Hypercoagulability in Isoproterenol-Induced Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {18}, year = {2026}, month = {June 2026}, pages = {139-149}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {139}, abstract = {

Background: Myocardial infarction is a critical cardiovascular condition often preceded by a hypercoagulable state. Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum, ZOR) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L., CL) are recognized for their anticoagulant properties, yet their multi-target pharmacological interactions remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the anticoagulant potential of ZOR and CL combinations using an integrated network pharmacology and in vivo approach. Methods: Network pharmacology analysis was employed to predict potential molecular targets of ZOR and CL bioactive compounds. For in vivo validation, rats were treated with single extracts (300 mg/kg bw) or combinations (ratios 1:1, 1:3, 3:1), followed by isoproterenol-induced hypercoagulability. Anticoagulant activity was assessed by measuring Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT). Results: Network pharmacology identified 10 key hub proteins, including STAT3, AKT1, and MTOR, indicating a multi-target mechanism. In vivo, isoproterenol effectively induced hypercoagulability. While ZOR (300 mg/kg BW) showed the highest individual potency, all combinations significantly prolonged PT and aPTT (p \< 0.05). Based on Chou-Talalay analysis, the interaction was dose-dependent; PT showed nearly additive to synergistic effects (CI: 0.86{\textendash} 1.07), whereas aPTT exhibited antagonistic trends (CI: 1.06{\textendash}1.50) at higher ZOR ratios. Consequently, combination effects remained stable without exceeding the most potent single dose. Conclusion: The ZOR and CL combination provides a consistent anticoagulant response through additive interactions, likely mediated by the modulation of the AKT/mTOR signaling axis and coagulation factors. This integration offers a promising, safer multi-target strategy for preventing thrombotic events in myocardial infarction.

}, keywords = {Anticoagulant, Coagulation, Curcuma longa, Isoproterenol, Network pharmacology, Zingiber officinale rubrum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2026.18.127}, author = {Puspa SD. Solihah and Ellisa Clara Pasaribu and Fahmi Ahsanul Haq} } @article {1112, title = {Correlation between the in-vitro and in-vivo Antihyperglycemic Effect of Ocimum Sanctum, Trigonella Foenum Graecum and Curcuma Longa}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {369-376}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {369}, abstract = {

This study is carried out to investigate the correlation between the in-vitro and in-vivo studies which demonstrates the antihyperglycemic effect of Trigonella foenum graecum, Ocimum sanctum and Curcuma longa extracts. Methanolic seed extract of Trigonella foenum graecum, methanolic leaf extract of Ocimum sanctum, ethyl acetate rhizomes extract of Curcumina longa are prepared and supplied by Sami labs, Bangalore, India on request. in-vitro studies such as alpha glucosidase inhibitory and DPP-IV inhibitory activity were done for all the three extracts as per previous studies. After Institutional animal ethical committee clearance male albino rats (155{\textendash}215 g) were divided into 5 groups. Each group consists of randomly assigned 6 albino rats. The placebo (Normal saline) control group, Standard (Vildagliptin) group and 3 above mentioned extract groups. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done. Blood samples were collected for blood sugar estimation at -30 (before extract),0, 15, 45 minutes and blood sugar levels were done by enzymatic assay. Results: The maximum alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity at 100 μg/ml by Trigonella foenum graecum extract was 68\% with IC50 value of 57.25, Ocimum sanctum leaf extract was 65\% with IC50 value of 59.55, Curcuma longa was 72\% with IC50 value of 56.79 when compared to the Acarbose (STD) of 94\% with IC50 values of 42.78. The maximum \% of DPP IV inhibition at 320 μg/ml of Trigonella foenum graecum extract was 77.84\% with IC50 value of 52.26, Ocimum sanctum extract was 86.98\% with IC50 value of 46.08 and Curcuma longa was 76.47\% with IC50 value of 55.06 when compared to the Vildagliptin (STD) was 80.15\% with IC50 value of 22.98. The OGTT results of Ocimum sanctum (200 mg/kg) shows reduction in blood glucose (p=\<0.05) at 15 minutes and significant reduction (p=\<0.001) at 45 minutes and Trigonella foenum graecum (2 gm/kg) showed significant reduction in blood glucose (p=\<0.001) at 15 minutes when compared to control. Further clinical studies are necessary to establish the therapeutic potential of these extracts in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Ocimum sanctum leaf extract, Trigonella foenum graecum seed extract shows significant alpha-glucosidase and DPPIV inhibitory activity which correlates with the antihyperglycemic effects by in-vivo oral glucose tolerance test. Further clinical studies are necessary to establish the therapeutic potential of these extracts in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

}, keywords = {Curcuma longa, GLP-1, Glucagon, Insulin, Ocimum sanctum, Trigonella foenum graecum, Type 2 diabetes mellitus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.58}, author = {Inbaraj SD and Muniappan M} } @article {712, title = {Curcuma longa (Medicinal Plant) Research: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications Output during 1997-2016}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {998-1006}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {998}, abstract = {

The present study examined 5351 global publications in Curcuma longa as covered in international Scopus database during 1997-2016, with a view to understand their growth rate, global publication share, citation impact, international collaborative papers share, distribution of publications by broad subjects, productivity and citation profile of top organizations and authors, preferred media of communication and bibliographic characteristics of high cited papers. The global publications registered an annual average growth rate of 13.40\% and its citation impact averaged to 29.04 citations per paper. Among the top 15 countries, the global share ranged from 1.91\% to 31.04\%, with India contributing the largest share of 31.04\%, followed by USA (13.96\%), China (11.55\%), etc. 92.66\% and 96.84\% of the cumulative global publication and citation share comes from top 15 countries during 1997-2016, showing increase in publication share from 89.25\% to 93.62\% from 1997-2006 to 2007-17. Five countries registered relative citation index above the world average of 1.05: USA (2.29), U.K. (2.08), Taiwan (1.81), Italy (1.23) and South Korea (1.10) during 1997-2016. Medicine, among seven broad subjects, contributed the largest publications share of 37.38\%, followed by pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics (32.07\%), biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (31.68\%), agricultural and biological sciences (25.53\%), chemistry (12.78\%), etc. during 1997-16 Among various organizations and authors contributing to global Curcuma longa research, the 20 most productive global organizations and authors together contributed 13.89\% and 5.59\% global publication share and 20.75\% and 14.25\% global citation share respectively during 1997-2016. Amongst 5157 journal papers (in 2216 journals) in global Curcuma longa research, the top 20 most productive journals contributed 15.92\% share of total journal publication output during 1997-2016. Three hundred forty (340) publications were found to be high cited, as they registered citations from 100 to 3869 during 1997-2016 and they together received 81274 citations, which averaged to 239.04 citations per paper. It is suggested that developing countries need to increase their efforts in investment in R \& D to increase their output and also to perform better in terms of quality of research.

}, keywords = {Bibliometrics, Curcuma longa, Global research output, Medicinal plant, Scientometrics}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.170}, author = {K K Mueen Ahmed and B. M. Gupta and Ritu Gupta} }