@article {2037, title = {Nonmotoric Symptoms Scale (NMSS) Validity and Reliability Test in Patients with Parkinson{\textquoteright}s Disease in Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia: A Questioner Validation Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {316-320}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {316}, abstract = {

Background: Nonmotor symptoms are common but less reported in Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease. it{\textquoteright}s the cause of decreased quality of life and disability in many patients with Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease compared to the motor symptom. Our study aimed to translate the original English-language version of the nonmotor symptom scale (NMSS) into the Indonesian version of the NMSS. And also to evaluate its validity and reliability for use in Indonesian-speaking Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease patients. This for better and valid usage of NMSS scale in the Indonesian patient and health care provider Material and Method: This was descriptive-analytic study. Cross-cultural adaptation of NMSS and psychometric analysis of the Indonesian version of NMSS was carried out from 2 Teaching Hospital centers in Surabaya, East Java. Several other scales were also examined, including MMSE, ESS, BDI, and Scopa-Aut. A reliability test was performed using Alpha Cronbach. Results: A total of 35 patients were included in this study. the average age was 64.03{\textpm}12.92 with the female sex 42.9\% (n=15) and the male 57.1\% (n=20), and Hoehn and Yahr stage II 57.1\% (n=20). The total average NMSS is 11.64. The validity of contents and constructs of the NMSS on each domain has been proven valid. Internal reliability of internal consistency in these tools with an alpha Cronbach value of 0.836. Each domain correlates with several other scores including MMSE, BDI, ESS, and Scopa-aut. Conclusion: The Indonesian version of NMSS has good validity and reliability in assessing nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease patients in Indonesia.

}, keywords = {Nonmotoric Symptoms Scale, Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease, Validation, Validity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.81}, author = {Muhammad Hamdan and Priya Nugraha and Pramitha Nayana Librata and Cindy Cecilia} } @article {999, title = {Virtual Screening of Indonesian Herbal Database as Adenosine A2A Antagonist using AutoDock and AutoDock Vina}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {October 2019}, pages = {1219-1224}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1219}, abstract = {

Objective: Previous research found that Adenosine A2A antagonist allows to reduce motor fluctuations, dyskinesia, protect from neurodegenerative disorder in Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease in the human brain which is chronic progressive of losing dopaminergic neurons. The aim of this study is to explore Indonesian herbal compounds as Adenosine A2A inhibitor using virtual screening method. Methods: In this study, virtual screening of Indonesian herbal database as Adenosine A2A inhibitor was done by AutoDock and AutoDock Vina and was validated by database from A Directory of Useful Decoys: Enhanced (DUD-E). The method was validated by Enrichment Factor (EF) and Area Under Curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve Results: Based on the validation results, grid box that was used in virtual screening using AutoDock is 60 {\texttimes} 60 {\texttimes} 60 with EF1\% 16.5869 and AUC 0.8406. The two compounds Chitranone and 3-O-Methylcalopocarpin with binding energy -10.19 and -9.55 kcal/mol, respectively showing interaction with Adenosine A2A active site at residues ALA63, ILE66, ALA81, LEU85, PHE168, GLU169, MET177, TRP246, LEU249, ASN253 and ILE274. Conclusions:\ This study concludes that Chitranone and 3-O-Methylcalopocarpin could be proposed to be developed as Adenosine A2A antagonists.

}, keywords = {Adenosine A2A antagonist, AutoDock, Autodock vina, Indonesian herbal database, Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease, Virtual Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.189}, author = {Nabilah Nurtika Salamah and Widya Dwi Aryati and Arry Yanuar} } @article {633, title = {Potential Effects of Pomegranate Juice in Attenuating LID in Mice Model of Parkinson Disease}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {June 2018}, pages = {700-704}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {700}, abstract = {

Purpose: Parkinson\’s disease (PD) is one of the most important neurodegenerative diseases, known with tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia resulted from chronic degeneration and death of sub thalamic nucleus (STN). According to the treatment benefits of levodopa on Parkinson, long-term levodopa administration causes some complications called levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) with poorly understood pathogenesis. Literature shows that polyphenol rich compound like pomegranate protect neurons of animals that are Parkinson induced, with some controversy. Objectives: In this study, the potential effects of pomegranate in attenuating LID in parkinsonian mice induced with 4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) were investigated. Materials: Mouse model of PD was induced by MPTP. To induce LID, valid PD mice were treated with levodopa (50 mg/kg, i.p) for 21 days. Then the effects of chronic co-administration of pomegranate juice (20 ml/kg) orally, with levodopa and continuing for another 20 days, evaluated. Behavioural tests were performed in all groups, every other day including: Abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs), cylinder and catatonia tests. Results: Levodopa in chronic administration induced dyskinesia that observed in AIMs and cylinder tests for 3 weeks when compared to untreated animals (P\<0.05 or 0.01) depending the time course). Besides, catatonia was recorded after two weeks and mounted time-dependently compared to control (P\<0.01). Chronic pomegranate co-administration improved AIMs scores for next 20 days (P\<0.01, in following days, compared to no-pomegranate treated group), attenuated cylinder scores and catatonia rates dramatically and time dependently (P\<0.01). Conclusion: Chronic pomegranate co-administration improved movements in all test results. It is then, concluded that pomegranate can be a good adjunct for attenuating LID and catatonia in mice.

}, keywords = {Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), Mice, MPTP, Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease, Pomegranate}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.4.116}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/654}, author = {Sarah Rezaee and Mahsa Hadipour Jahromy} }