@article {1674, title = {Cytotoxic Activity of Peronema canescens Jack Leaves on Human Cells: HT-29 and Primary Adenocarcinoma Colon Cancer}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1389-1396}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1389}, abstract = {

Background: In Indonesia, this species was well known in Sumatera, Kalimantan, Java, and Sulawesi. Peronema canescens Jack (Sungkai) was traditionally used as an anti-flatulent, fever, toothache. Sungkai leaves contain many secondary metabolites with potential anticancer activity. The reported anticancer research was still limited to the cytotoxic activity of chloroform extract on the HT-29 colon cancer cell line. However, it was necessary to uncover the underlying mechanism. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism (such as cell cycle inhibition, induces cells apoptosis, and necrosis) of subfraction chloroform (SF3) from P. canescens extract has anticancer activity on HT-29 cells and primary Adenocarcinoma (AdenoCa pT3N1cM1) colon cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The extraction by maceration method using methanol solvent, the fractionation process was using vacuum column chromatography (VCC) with polarity gradient eluent. The cytotoxicity of SF3 was measured by MTT assay. The cell cycle inhibition, apoptosis induction, and necrosis cells were evaluated with the Flow cytometry method. Results: Cytotoxicity value (IC50) against AdenoCa cells was 1.897 μg/ml. The inhibition activity of synthesis and mitosis phase in cell cycle demonstrated that the different concentrations of SF3 have inhibition activity on HT-29 (29.614 μg/ml) of 26.79\% and 0.16\%, AdenoCa cells (14.807 μg/ml) of 10.27\% and 19.29\%, respectively. For induced apoptosis activity on HT-29 (29.614 μg/ml) and AdenoCa cells (14.807 μg/ml) were 26.58\% and 11.50\%, successively. Whereas, necrosis activity on HT-29 (29.614 μg/ ml) and AdenoCa cells (14.807 μg/ml) were 0.02\%, and 9.56\%, respectively. Conclusion: The subfractions chloroform (SF3) of P. canescens extract has potential activity on HT-29 and Adenocarcinoma cells through cell cycle inhibition, induces apoptosis and necrosis cells.

}, keywords = {Apoptosis, Cell cycle, Colon cancer cells, Necrosis, Peronema canescens Jack}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.176}, author = {Arsyik Ibrahim and Siswandono and Bambang Prajogo EW} } @article {1375, title = {In vitro Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis-inducing Activity of Quercus infectoria Extracts in HeLa Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {401-410}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {401}, abstract = {

Background: Quercus infectoria galls (QI) extracts were previously reported to have cytotoxicity effects towards human cervical cancer cells, HeLa. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of the extracts have been poorly determined. Objective: The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of ethyl acetate extracts of QI (EAQI) on cell cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis in HeLa cells. Materials and Method: The in vitro cytotoxicity was investigated by using the MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay and the OD values were read at 570 nm. Meanwhile the induction of apoptosis was measured by using acridine orange and propidium iodide (AO/PI) staining, flow cytometry analysis of annexin V/PI staining and cell cycle distribution. Results: MTT assay showed that EAQI exhibited cytotoxicity effect on HeLa cells with IC50 of 11.50 {\textpm} 0.50 μg/ml. HeLa cells underwent apoptosis in response to EAQI treatment, demonstrated by an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cell stained with AOPI from 1.00\% to 10.33\% compared to untreated cell population (p\<0.05) at 72 hours of treatment. The evidence of early apoptosis in treated cells were also observed in annexin V/PI staining. Furthermore, an increase of cell population in sub G0/G1 phase revealed that apoptosis as the mode of cell death in HeLa cells treated with EAQI. Conclusion: These findings indicated that EAQI significantly inhibits HeLa cell growth through induction of apoptosis. Further studies are needed to confirm the mechanism of cell death by expression of apoptotic cascade in HeLa cells treated with EAQI.

}, keywords = {Apoptosis, Cell cycle, Cytotoxicity, HeLa cells, Quercus infectoria}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.51}, author = {Illyana Ismail and Rapeah Suppian and Habsah Mohamad and Siti Aisha Mohd Radzi and Hasmah Abdullah} } @article {531, title = {Andrographolide Induced Apoptosis in NALM-6 Cells Mediated Through the Cell Cycle Arrest and Nuclear Fragmentation}, journal = {Pharmacog Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {January-2018}, pages = {210-214}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {210 }, abstract = {

Introduction: Andrographis paniculata is an herb widely cultivated in South and Southeastern Asia. It has been traditionally used to treat infections and other Physiological disorders for several hundreds. We investigated the anti-leukemic potential of Andrographolide (AGP) isolated from the leaves of this plant against an array of cancer cells to investigate its most efficacies in a particular cancer type. Methods: AGP was isolated from Andrographis paniculata leaves by using column chromatography. The structure was further determined by LC-MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. AGP was initially tested against four different cancer cell lines, namely NALM-6 (pre B-ALL), K562 (CML), A549 (lung carcinoma) and MCF-7 (breast carcinoma) using MTT assay at different time points and different concentrations. The effect of the isolated biomolecule was also investigated in inducing apoptosis through the study of cell cycle progression using flow cytometry by PI staining and nuclear fragmentation pattern by DAPI staining and fluorescence microscopy. Results: the spectral analysis of the isolated bio-molecule assured that the compound was AGP. MTT assay data indicated that AGP was most potent to induce cytotoxicity in NALM-6 cells. Further investigation revealed that it effectively induced apoptosis by arresting cell cycle progression and increased the nuclear break down in NALM- 6 leukemic cells. Conclusion: Our study efficiently demonstrated that the AGP isolated from Andrographis paniculata induced apoptosis in NALM-6 cells, which could be used in the therapeutic intervention of leukemia in the future.

}, keywords = {Andrographis paniculata, Andrographolide, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, Cytotoxicity, Leukemia}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.2.36}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/466}, author = {Swadesh Sarkar and Priya K Gopal and Santanu Paul} }