@article {2405, title = {Effects of Bacteriophage in Postoperative Endophthalmitis Caused by Staphylococcus aureus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {October 2024}, pages = {1188-1191}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1188}, abstract = {

Postoperative endophthalmitis is a serious complication of cataract surgery. It may leads to vision loss. The most common organism cause endophthalmitis is gram-positive bacteria, mainly Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). To prevent postoperative endophthalmitis, eye drops or intracameral administration of antibiotic agents are universally used. In recent years, the trend of endophthalmitis treatment has grown rapidly. Administration of bacteriophage is a subject of research for the treatment and prophylaxis of postoperative endophthalmitis. This literature review investigates the potential of bacteriophage to provide a rapid, effective alternative to antibiotic treatments for postoperative endophthalmitis caused by S. aureus

}, keywords = {bacteriophage, postoperative endophthalmitis, Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.194}, author = {Herdina Ramadhani and Indri Wahyuni and Ismi Zuhria and Firman Setiawan and Annise Proboningrat and Djoko Legowo and Diah Indriani} } @article {1945, title = {Antibacterial Effect of Nigella sativa L. Seed from Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {1029-1032}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {1029}, abstract = {

Nigella sativa L. was allegedly to has antibacterial effect. The aim of this research is to investigate antibacterial effect of ethanolic extracts of 96\% Nigella sativa L. from Indonesia toward Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus epidermidis. The Antibacterial activity of of Nigella sativa L toward Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus epidermidis using the well method. The 96\% ethanolic extract of 12,5; 25;50 and 100\% (mg/ml)inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus (with inhibition zone 11.06; 29.58; 28.22; 30.84 mm respectively) and Streptococcus epidermidis (20.90; 31.90; 29.93; 33.07 mm respectively). Ethyl acetate fraction of 96\% ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa concentration of 6,25; 12,5; 25;50 and 100\% (mg/ml) inhibit growth of Staphylococcus aureus (12.91; 15.06; 19.19; 37.48; 46.18 mm respectively and Streptococcus epidermidis (19.07; 19.21; 20.22; 21.62; 40.00 mm respectively). Ethanolic 96\% extract and ethyl acetate fraction of ethanolic extract of Nigella sativa have antibacterial effect toward Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis invitro.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial, Nigella sativa L., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus epidermidis.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.206}, author = {Em Sutrisna and Sri Wahyuni and Aris Fitriani} } @article {1941, title = {Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antiplasmodial Activities of Sonchus arvensis L. Leaf Ethyl Acetate Fractions}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {993-998}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {993}, abstract = {

Infection is one of the health problems and a disease that mainly causes death. Malaria is a parasitic infection that is transmitted through the Anopheles sp. The female then causes infection and besides malaria, other contaminants that caused infection are bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. This study aims to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiplasmodial activity of Sonchus arvensis L. ethyl acetate fractions. In vitro antiplasmodial activity was carried out by Rieckman methods against Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7. In vitro antioxidant activity was conducted by Prieto method against (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Then antimicrobial activity was performed using well diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Maceration of S. arvensis L. dried leaves used n-hexane and ethyl acetate successively. Then the ethyl acetate extract was fractionated by vacuum column chromatography, using n-hexane and ethyl acetate as mobile phases. There are five fraction groups based on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. The IC50 of antioxidant and antiplasmodial activity showed that fraction IV was the lowest value and categorized as active for antioxidant (IC50=22.56 μg/mL), for antiplasmodial (IC50=12.07 μg/mL). Fraction IV also had antimicrobial activity, with diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) of 19.22 mm against Escherichia coli and 17.167 mm against Staphylococcus aureus.

}, keywords = {Biological activities, Escherichia coli., Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, Sonchus arvensis L., Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.202}, author = {Dwi Kusuma Wahyuni and Anindya Nariswari and Agus Supriyanto and Hery Purnobasuki and Hunsa Punnapayak and Wichanee Bankeeree and Sehanat Prasongsuk and Wiwied Ekasari} } @article {1946, title = {Successful Intrapericardial Fibrinolysis on Acute Recurrent Purulent Pericarditis with Impending Cardiac Tamponade during Pandemic Situation: A Rare Case Report}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {1033-1036}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {1033}, abstract = {

Introduction: Acute recurrent purulent pericarditis is an uncommon pericardium infection that can be life-threatening due to pus production, leading to cardiac tamponade. Case presentation: We report a 36-year-old man referring to our hospital with impending cardiac tamponade who needed urgent pericardiocentesis. The patient{\textquoteright}s complaints were worsening dyspnea and palpitations in the last two days. The patient had been hospitalized for the same complaint and had pericardiocentesis due to cardiac tamponade approximately three weeks earlier. Physical exam, ECG, and CXR suggest impending cardiac tamponade. Echocardiography indicated massive right and left pericardial effusion and right atrial collapse. The Covid-19 screening test was positive; however, RT-PCR revealed a negative result. The patient was diagnosed with recurrent acute purulent pericarditis with impending cardiac tamponade requiring urgent pericardiocentesis. After the procedure, 1.5 million units of intrapericardial fibrinolytic were administered to patients. His improved hemodynamic and clinical symptoms indicate a successful procedure. Conclusion: This case highlights the challenges of managing an acute recurrent purulent pericarditis patient due to Staphylococcus A. infection in the current pandemic era, including distinguishing it from other contagious diseases due to nonspecific dyspnea, limited therapeutic options, and the effectiveness of intrapericardial fibrinolytic in improving the overall patient conditions, and reducing the mortality rate.

}, keywords = {Intrapericardial fibrinolysis, Purulent pericarditis, Rare Case Report, Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.206}, author = {Muhammad Dedy Pratama and Budi Baktijasa Dharmadjati and Muhammad Rafdi Amadis and Ahmad Faisal Dwi Raharja and Muhammad Ramadhan and Dwika Rasyid Firmanda} } @article {1354, title = {Antimicrobial Effect of Different Types of Honey on Selected ATCC Bacterial Strains}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {217-225}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {217}, abstract = {

Honey is a complex sweet highly viscous liquid and is composed of various ingredients such as sugar, proteins, minerals, and polyphenolic compounds. Honey is used in traditional medicine systems for centuries because of its ability to inhibit the pathogenesis of various diseases through modulating various biological activities. In this study, antimicrobial potential of different types of honey was tested against selected pathogenic bacterial strains through agar well diffusion method. Four types of honey were used in the present investigation, and the potential antimicrobial activities of these varieties were further compared with that of antibiotics commonly used against targeted microbial strains. Among all of the four tested honey, three types were classified as blossom honey, being Talha (Acacia sp) honey (TH), Zahoor (mixed flower) honey (ZH), and Manuka (Leptospermum based honey) honey (MH). Both gram positive and gram negative bacterial species were used for this investigation. The pathogenic gram-positive bacterial strains includedEscherichia coli ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) ATCC 43300. Three gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were also used to confirm the antimicrobial activities. As reflected from our study, we found that three varieties of honey including TH, ZH, and MH (with different UMF +20, +16, +5) displayed a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested microbial strains. However, all strains showed a high frequency of resistance to BF honey. Gram-positive (G+) bacteria were found to be more sensitive to all tested honey types except (BF) as indicated by significantly higher zone of inhibition (ZOI) values than those of gram-negative (G-) bacteria. As a conclusion, this study suggests that antimicrobial potential of honey types might be helpful in order to treat the pathogenic microorganisms threatening the public health and changing antibiotics into last-resort drugs.

}, keywords = {Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Talha honey, Zahoor honey and Manuka honey}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.31}, author = {Aseel Aljaghwani and Khaled S Allemailem and Lujain F Aljaghwani and Faris Alrumaihi and Rejo Jacob Joseph and Amjad Ali Khan and Mohammad aljaghwani and Arshad H Rahmani and Ahmad Almatroudi} } @article {1416, title = {The Effect of Ethanol Extract of Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera Lam) Against the Activity and Capacity of Phagocytosis of Macrofag Cells and the Percentage of Leukosit Cells of White Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {706-712}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {706}, abstract = {

Aim: This study aims to determine the activity, capacity of macrophage phagocytosis, and percentage of leukocyte cells of male mice treated with the ethanol extract of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam). Methods: Twenty male mice were divided into four equal groups. The extract was administered orally for seven days at a dose of 10; 30; 100 mg/kg; and 0.5\% CMC Na suspension as a negative control. On the 8th day, the percentage of blood cell leukocytes in mice tail was calculated using a microscope. Suspension of Staphylococcus aureus was injected intraperitoneally. The peritoneal fluid was taken to figure the activity and capacity of macrophage cell phagocytosis. The activity and capacity of macrophage cells are calculated using a microscope. The data were statistically analyzed by the one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) method and Duncan test. Results: The results showed that giving oral ethanol extract of Moringa leaves on male could increase macrophage activity and capacity, increasing dose, macrophage activity number, and capacity increased. The highest activity and capacity was achieved at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Moringa leaf extract can also increase the percentage of banded neutrophil, lymphocytes, eosinophil cells and decrease the percentage of neutrophil cell segments and monocytes from male white mice. The highest percentage of banded neutrophil, lymphocytes, eosinophils, and reductions in the percentage of neutrophil cell segments, monocytes present at doses of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion: From the result, it can conclude that ethaol extract of Moringa Leaf can increase the activity and capacity of macrophages and percentage of neutrophils.

}, keywords = {macrophage cell, Moringa oleifera Lam, Phagocytosis, Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.90}, author = {Elidahanum Husni and Elsa Badriyya and Luqyana Putri and Yufri Aldi} } @article {1371, title = {Immunostimulatory Activities of Pegagan Embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam.) in White Male Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {368-375}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {368}, abstract = {

Introduction: Pegagan embun (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides L.) has many pharmacological activies, such as improving the immune system. Aim: This research aims to study the immunomodulatory effect of Pegagan embun herbs ethanol extract (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides L.) determined by phagocytic activity and capacity of macrophages, total and percentage of leukocytes. Methods: 25 male white mice were divided into 5 equal groups. Negative control group were given Na CMC 0.5\%, the extract treated group were given Pegagan embun ethanol extract at doses of 10, 50, 200 mg/kgbw, and the positive control group was given Stimuno 50 mg/kgbw orally for 7 days. On the 8th day, the total and percentage of leukocytes were counted through blood sample taken intravenously. The mice were then induced with Staphylococcus aureus suspension. After one hour, the peritoneal fluids was taken to determine the macrophages activity and capacity. The macrophages phagocytic activity and capacity, total and percentage of leukocytes were analyzed by One-Way Anova followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (p\<0.05). Results: The results show significant increase of concentration (p\<0.05) towards macrophages phagocytic activity and capacity, and total leukocytes count. Percentage of leukocytes show that lymphocytes increase significantly (p\<0.05), meanwhile neutrophils segments decrease significantly (p\<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that ethanol extract of Pegagan embun herb at doses of 10, 50, 200 mg/kgbw shows immunostimulatory activity.

}, keywords = {Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lam., Leukocytes, Macrophage, Phagocytosis, Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.47}, author = {Afriwardi and Yufri Aldi and Dwisari Dillasamola and Yolanda Alfiyyah Larakhansa and Elsa Badriyya} } @article {1135, title = {A Study Comparing Antibacterial Activity of Ageratum Conyzoides L. Extract and Piper Betle L. Extract in Gel Dosage Forms Against Staphylococcus Aureus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {473-477}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {473}, abstract = {

Background: Microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses often infect humans in their living environments. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) are gram-positive bacteria that are widely used in antibacterial activity experiments and cause infection in the body surface of mammals. Ageratum conyzoides L. (AC) and Piper betle L. (PB)are the natural herbs which have antibacterial activity against SA. Objective: This research was aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of AC with PB extracts in gel dosage form against SA. Methods: The antibacterial activity of both extracts were determined by disc diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were evaluated by the microdilution method. These extracts were formulated into gel dosage form using sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with various concentrations and then evaluated for pH, viscosity and antibacterial activity. Results: The results show that both AC and PB extracts have antibacterial activity against SA with MIC value of 2 \% and 5 \%, respectively. Then, the gel containing 4 \% sodium CMC showed the best physical stability, either containing AC or PB extract. The gel dosage forms of both extracts did not show any difference in organoleptic properties, pH and viscosity after 28 days storage. The gel dosage forms of AC and PB extracts have antibacterial activity with inhibition zone of 20.3 mm {\textpm} 1.3 mm and 15.21 {\textpm} 1.3 mm, respectively. Conclusion: ,The antibacterial activity of AC extract was higher compared to that of PB extract in the gel dosage form.

}, keywords = {Ageratum conyzoides L. extract, Gel, Piper betle L. extract, Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.73 }, author = {Arif Budiman and Diah Lia Aulifa} } @article {856, title = {Antibacterial Activity of Carica papaya Leaves and Allium sativum Cloves Alone and in Combination against Multiple Strains}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {600-602}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {600}, abstract = {

Aim: Screening of natural extracts is a focused intensive study that aims to find active principles sorted from plant resources both safe and environmental friendly. The present study was aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of direct crude extracts of Carica papaya leaves and Allium sativum cloves alone and in combination against multiple drug resistant strains. Methods: Two Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and three strains of Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of Carica papaya leaves and Allium sativum using Agar Disk Diffusion Method. Results: The results of this study showed that both extracts showed moderate antibacterial activity against the test bacterial strains and the potency of the extracts was increased when these two extracts were combined. Conclusion: These extracts directly can be used as natural alternative preventives to control various food poisoning diseases and preserve food stuff avoiding healthy hazards of chemically antimicrobial agent applications.

}, keywords = {Allium sativum cloves, Antibacterial activity, Bacillus cereus, Carica papaya leaves, crude extract, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.95}, author = {Srividya Lonkala and A. Rama Narsimha Reddy} } @article {929, title = {The Potential Herbs of Medicinal Forests from Central Kalimantan as a Inhibitor of Staphylococcus aureus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {740-744}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {740}, abstract = {

Background: Central Kalimantan is one of the largest provinces in Indonesia with a wealth of medicinal herbaceous plant species. This province was the origin of various medicinal plants such as tabat barito, akar kuning, pasak bumi and some other medicinal plants that were useful for human health. Methods: This paper explain about inhibitory test extracts etanol of Hati Tanah (Angiotepris Sp) tubers and Sangkareho leaves (Callicarpa longifolia Lam.) in Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with concentration 1\%, 5\%, 10\%, and 15\%. Both plants has been utilized by the community as a traditional medicine to treat minor to moderate injuries such as postpartum. Results: The results for extract Hati Tanah was 15.63 mm, 16.97 mm, 25.42 mm, 28.40 mm and the results for and Sangkareho leaves was 1 mm, 2.68 mm, 3.9 mm, 6.2 mm. Inhibitory test studies have also been performed on the N-Butanol fraction from ethanol extract Hati Tanah tubers of the soil at the same concentrations and bacteria. The inhibited zone results was 15.65 mm, 23.20 mm, 24.15 mm, 26.25 mm. Conclusion: Medicinal forest plants origin of Central Kalimantan is Hati Tanah tubers and Sangkareho leaves has potential as a traditional medicine in inhibiting and killing Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

}, keywords = {Inhibitory test, Medicinal forest, Staphylococcus aureus, Traditional medicines}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.117}, author = {Rezqi Handayani} } @article {480, title = {Anti-Staphylococcal and Antioxidant Properties of Crude Ethanolic Extracts of Macrofungi Collected from the Philippines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2017}, pages = {106-109}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {106}, abstract = {

Introduction: Macrofungi have been used in the Philippines as source of food and traditional medicines. However, these macrofungi in the Philippines have not yet been studied for different biological activities. Thus, this research determined the potential antibacterial and antioxidant activities of crude ethanolic extracts of seven macrofungi collected in Bataan, Philippines. Methods: Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion assay and broth microdilution method were used to screen for the antibacterial activity and DPPH scavenging assay for the determination of antioxidant activity. Results: F. rosea, G. applanatum, G. lucidum and P. pinisitus exhibited zones of inhibition ranging from 6.55 \± 0.23 mm to 7.43 \± 0.29 mm against S. aureus, D. confragosa, F. rosea, G. lucidum, M. xanthopus and P. pinisitus showed antimicrobial activities against S. aureus with an MIC50 ranging from 1250 \μg/mL to 10000 \μg/mL. F. rosea, G. applanatum, G. lucidum, M. xanthopus exhibited excellent antioxidant activity with F. rosea having the highest antioxidant activity among all the extracts tested (3.0 \μg/mL). Conclusion: Based on the results, these Philippine macrofungi showed antistaphylococcal activity independent of the antioxidant activity. These can be further studied as potential sources of antibacterial and antioxidant compounds.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Mushrooms, Philippines, Staphylococcus aureus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.1.19}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/405}, author = {Christine May Gaylan and John Carlo Estebal and Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco and Elena M. Ragragio} }