@article {2472, title = {Effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Chuquiraga weberbaueri Tovar on Glycemia in BALB/c Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {February 2025}, pages = {63-70}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {63}, abstract = {

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide and is associated with many complications. While there are many drugs available to control blood glucose levels, many people cannot access them due to economic reasons. Object: The aim of this study was to determine the hypoglycemic effect of the ethanolic extract of Chuquiraga weberbaueri in mice induced with hyperglycemia. Methods: The mice were divided into 6 groups: the first group served as a control group and was administered only physiological saline solution; the second group was induced to hyperglycemia with Alloxan. The following three groups were induced with Alloxan and additionally administered ethanolic extract of Chuquiraga weberbaueri at different concentrations of 100 mg/kg, 250 mg/kg, and 500 mg/kg respectively. The last group was administered Alloxan and glibenclamide. The glucose levels were measured for each group at 2, 4, and 24 hours after administering the extracts. Results: The phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic extracts of the leaves of Chuquiraga weberbaueri showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and steroids. The ethanolic extracts (100 mg/kg at 2 hours and 250 mg/kg at 2 and 4 hours) demonstrated a decrease in blood glucose compared to the control group. In the toxicity test, the comparison between the control group and the {\textquotedblleft}extract{\textquotedblright} treatment group showed that no conclusive results were observed with respect to the chuquiragua extract. Interpretation: The results of the study showed that the ethanolic extract of Chuquiraga weberbaueri showed the effect of reducing blood glucose in BALB/c mice.

}, keywords = {Hypoglycemic Agents, Mice, Plant extracts}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.8}, author = {Angel Armando Marin Raico and Rosa Isabel Florez Carrasco and Jesus Eduardo Rojas Jaimes and Juana Elvira Chavez Flores and Jose Arenas Gamio} } @article {2296, title = {Evaluation of Potential Toxicity Associated with Antidiabetic Herbs in Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {576-581}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {576}, abstract = {

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a serious, long-lasting disease that is characterized by high blood sugar levels, leading to more severe complications involving other organ systems of the body. Diabetes is becoming more common worldwide. Managing diabetes can be complicated, but many people, especially in Saudi Arabia, often use traditional herbal medicines to treat the condition. Our study concentrates on assessing the safety of commonly used antidiabetic herbs in Saudi Arabia by examining their potential toxicity. Method: Using keywords and their variations, we conducted a systematic search of the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to find studies on treatments based on antidiabetic herbs and their toxic effects from 2014 to 2024. Result: Our study revealed that the use of medicinal plants for treating and managing diabetes along with its complications is becoming popular around the globe. These medicinal plants are also being used as primary sources of developing modern pharmaceutical antidiabetic drugs. Phytotherapy is safe to treat diabetes as herbal bioactive components act through many biological pathways. They may inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme, enhance GLUT-4 translocation, and also improve lipid profile. Conclusion: The use of natural plants having medicinal properties is popular for the treatment of diabetes. Claims of their usefulness by traditional healers are being supported by scientific evidence also. To determine the right dosage of these medicinal herbs, cytotoxicity tests or short-term experiments are done to establish doses of plants used in vitro and in vivo. Toxicity concerns are a primary reason why healthcare professionals hesitate to incorporate herbal products into the healthcare system. That{\textquoteright}s why it is necessary to screen such plants for their toxicity to differentiate pharmacological efficacy from adverse effects.\ 

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic, Diabetes, Herbal medicines, KSA, Medicinal herbs, Phytotherapy, Plant extracts, Saudi Arabia, Toxicity, Traditional}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.90}, author = {Inbaraj Susai Domnic and Prasanna Mohanabhaskaran and Imran Zaheer and Semmal Syed Meerasa and Ramaprabha Prabhakar} } @article {1419, title = {Phytochemicals A Novel Therapeutic Approach to Control Oral Biofilm}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {730-736}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {730}, abstract = {

Humans and micro-organisms have co-evolved having a synergetic relationship with their resident microbiome. The mouth features a diverse microbiota that grows on oral surfaces as functionally and structurally organized biofilms. The oral biofilms are accountable for causing a wide range of chronic diseases and owing to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria it has really become tough to treat with efficacy. Operative control of oral biofilm and the resulting infectious diseases epitomizes a significant universal challenge. For this kind of therapeutics, natural herbal products are perfect candidates because of their unique properties. The current review presents a novel approach to control and eradicate oral biofilm by the phytochemicals. Research on phytochemicals is zealously focused on health promotion, disease prevention, and also on the development of novel therapeutic interventions.

}, keywords = {Dental plaque, Medicinal herbs, Microbial resistance, Oral biofilm, Phytochemicals, Plant extracts, Quorum sensing}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.93}, author = {Mruthunjaya Kenganora and Sushma Rudraswamy and Jai Shankar Puttabuddi Hombarvalli and Nagabhushana Doggalli} } @article {803, title = {Effects of Aqueous and Ethanol Root Extracts of Olax subscopioidea on Inflammatory Parameters in Complete Freund{\textquoteright}s Adjuvant-Collagen Type II Induced Arthritic Albino Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {January 2019}, pages = {16-25}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {16}, abstract = {

Aim/Background: Rural and Urban dwellers in Nigeria claim to treat their arthritis with Olax subscorpioidea root extracts. One of the reasons they chose this treatment is that it is effective and cost less than orthodox drugs with their accompanying side effects. Hence the aim of this study is to investigate the anti-arthritis effects of Olax subscorpioidea Afzel ethanol and aqueous root extracts on chicken type II-Complete Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis rat model. Materials and Method: The anti-arthritic potential of ethanol and aqueous root extracts of Olax subscorpioidea was evaluated using the chicken type II-Complete Freund{\textquoteright}s adjuvant model in 135 female wistar albino rats. The rats were treated with aqueous and ethanol root extracts of Olax subscorpioidea at varying doses and standard indomethacine drug. Results: The ethanol and aqueous root extracts of Olax subscorpioidea showed significant anti-arthritic activity that was statistically similar to that of indomethacine. Our results suggest that the alcoholic extract of Olax subscorpioidea showed significant (P\<0.05) anti-arthritic potential.

}, keywords = {Adjuvant, Arthritis, Indomethacine, Plant extracts, Rats}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.1.4}, author = {Nkiru Nwamaka Ezeani and Udu Ama Ibiam and Obasi Uche Orji and Ikechuku Okorie Igwenyi and Chinyere Aloke and Esther Alum and Partrick Mmaduabuchi Aja and Okechukwu Paul Chima Ugwu} } @article {464, title = {Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition of Fractions from Eleusine indica Leaf Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {25-28}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {25}, abstract = {

Solvent fractions and decoction of Eleusine indica leaves were tested for their ability to inhibit angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an important component of the Renin-Angiotensin- Aldosterone System which is a critical regulator of arterial blood pressure. The ACE inhibitory activity of each fraction was measured by employing a colorimetric assay based on the hydrolysis of histidyl-hippuryl-leucine (HHL) by ACE. Preliminary assay results revealed that the ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the highest antihypertensive activity with a percent inhibition of 51.51\%. This fraction was considered for further isolation using a bioassay-guided fractionation scheme.

}, keywords = {Bioactive extracts, High-blood pressure, Hypertension, Medicinal, Plant extracts}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.1.5}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/360}, author = {Jasmin T Tutor and Christine L Chichioco-Hernandez} } @article {1534, title = {15-Lipoxygenase inhibition of selected Philippine medicinal plants}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {18th Feb,2014}, pages = {43-46}, type = {Original Article}, abstract = {

Several extracts from Philippine medicinal plants used for asthma and other inflammatory diseases were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the action of 15-lipoxygenase. The inhibitory activity was tested spectrophotometrically using quercetin as positive control. Eleven species belonging to 11 families displayed varying inhibitory activities. Commelina diffusa and Euphorbia hirta showed the highest inhibitory activity at 51.3\% and 48.5\%, respectively. These plants may contain new 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors.

Key words: Asthma, inflammation, lipoxygenase, medicinal plants, plant extra.

}, keywords = {Asthma, Inflammation, Lipoxygenase, Medicinal plants, Plant extracts}, author = {Noemi D. Paguigan, and Christine L. Chichioco-Hernandez,} }