@article {1149, title = {Memory Enhancing Efficacy of an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Deficit Experimental Models}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {589-597 }, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {589 }, abstract = {

The present study was performed to determine the efficacy of an ayurvedic polyherbal formulation (PHF) in the learning and memory process of animal models. The prepared PHF was a suspension of three plant extracts i.e. Alpinia galanga (AG), Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) and Convolvulus pluricaulis (CP) along with other excipients. Learning and memory assessment of PHF was performed using different behavioral models in scopolamine-induced memory impairment animals. Biochemical estimation was performed to determine the enzymatic level of MDA, GSH and AChE level in rats. Results indicated that the time of social investigation trial 2 (SIT2) was reduced significantly compared to SIT1 due to the treatment of PHF. In the water maze test, plant extracts significantly decreased the latency time in the 4th and 5th sessions comparing to session 1. Administration of AG, CP, GG, and PHF caused amelioration of scopolamine-induced memory impairment in the MWM test. The extracts and PHF were also effective in reducing latency time in the pole climbing test. Biochemical parameters exhibited a reduction in MDA and AChE levels with an increase in GSH level after treatment with extracts and PHF. It can be concluded from the study that PHF is an effective formulation for learning and memory processes against scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Further, the isolation of active constituents is desired from different plant extracts.

}, keywords = {Alpinia galanga, Convolvulus pluricaulis, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Latency time, Pole climbing test, Social recognition test}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.88}, author = {Deepa Shukla and Sajal Srivastava and Talha Jawaid} } @article {1058, title = {Effect of Aqueous Extract of Liquorice (G. Glabra L) in Treatment of Stress Induced Gastric Ulcer in Wistar Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1526-1531}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1526}, abstract = {

Background: Peptic ulcer is a disease affecting a large number of people, caused due to various reasons including infection with H pylori, consumption of alcohol, NSAIDs and stress. Although not a life-threatening disease, it causes undue distress and discomfort and accounts for increased time off from work thereby leading to manpower and economic losses. In this condition, histamine receptor blockers provide relief. Objectives: Natural remedies for peptic ulcer have not been effectively utilized in clinical set up. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of water extract of Glycyrrhiza Glabra L, commonly known as Liquorice on stressinduced gastric inflammation. Materials and Methods: Liquorice extract was prepared. Male Wistar rats (n=5 in each group) were procured from the central animal house and divided into four groups namely Group 1(control); Group 2 (low dose treatment); Group 3 (high dose treatment) and group 4 (prophylactic). They were housed individually and subjected to restraint stress in PVC pipes for 2 hours daily and their stomach was examined for ulcer in Licorice (oral) fed groups and control. Results: Control group showed the inflammatory changes, ulcer index showed a significant lesion, whereas the animals treated with low dose and high dose showed proportionate decrease in the severity of inflammation as evidenced by the histological features. Fourth group of rats which was treated prophylactically before they were subjected to stress, showed no sign of stress-induced inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa. Conclusion: The results of this study strongly suggested that the G Glabra extract reduces the inflammation and relieves the ulcers and also it can be used as a prophylactic agent to prevent the peptic ulcer in vulnerable subjects.

}, keywords = {Glycyrrhiza glabra, Immobilization stress, Peptic ulcer, Prophylactic use}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.233}, author = {Saksham Mathur and Cheryl Sarah Philipose and Ganaraja B} } @article {985, title = {Effects of the Ethanolic Extracts of Guava Leaves, Licorice Roots and Cloves on the Cariogenic Properties of Streptococcus mutans}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {1029-1036}, type = {Original Research Article}, chapter = {1029}, abstract = {

Introduction: Streptococcus mutans is a major causative pathogen of dental caries. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the ethanolic extracts of Psidium guajava, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Syzygium aromaticum against cariogenic properties of Streptococcus mutans. These medicinal plants have been used traditionally as the ingredients in the herbal mouthwash for the management of dental caries. Methods: The 95\% ethanolic extracts of these medicinal plants were prepared and their phytochemical contents were analyzed by using thin layer chromatography-densitometry. Antibacterial activities of the extracts against S. mutans were evaluated according to broth dilution method. The effects of the extracts against cariogenic properties of S. mutans, which are surface adherence, biofilm formation and acid production, were also investigated. Results: The biological active constituents, quercetin, glycyrrhizic acid and eugenol, were found in P. guajava, G. glabra and S. aromaticum, respectively. The three extracts possessed anti-bacterial activity against S. mutans with the MICs of 1.562, 0.195 and 1.562 mg/mL, respectively. The extracts at every concentration tested (at lower than their MICs) significantly inhibited cariogenic properties of S. mutans, which included inhibitions against surface adherence, biofilm formation and acid production. Conclusion: The ethanolic extracts of guava leaves, licorice roots and cloves produced anti-bacterial and anti-cariogenic activities against S. mutans. These plant extracts thus can potentially be developed as a product for the prevention of dental caries in the near future.

}, keywords = {Cariogenic properties, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Psidium guajava, Streptococcus mutans, Syzygium aromaticum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.162}, author = {Nalita Phaiboon and Pawitra Pulbutr and Bunleu Sungthong and Sakulrat Rattanakiat} } @article {742, title = {Glycyrrhiza glabra (Medicinal Plant) Research: A Scientometric Assessment of Global Publications Output during 1997-2016}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1067-1075}, type = {Invited Article}, chapter = {1067}, abstract = {

The present study examined 3428 global publications in Glycyrrhiza glabra, as covered in multidisciplinary Scopus bibliographical database during 1997-2016, with a view to understand their growth rate, global share, citation impact, international collaborative papers share, distribution of publications by broad subjects, productivity and citation profile of top organizations and authors, preferred media of communication and bibliographic characteristics of high cited papers. The global publications registered an annual average growth rate of 10.87\% and its citation impact averaged to 19.09 citations per paper. Among the top 12 most productive countries, the global share ranged from 1.87\% to 19.81\%, with China contributing the largest share of 19.81\%, followed by India (13.71\%), USA (11.84\%), etc. More than 79.0\% of the cumulative global publication share comes from top 12 countries during 1997-2016, showing decrease from 100.0\% to 77.80\% from 1997-2006 to 2007-16. Seven countries registered relative citation index above the world average of 1.10: U.K. (2.39), USA (1.87), Canada (1.71), Italy (1.51), Japan (1.49), Turkey (1.24) and Taiwan (1.18) during 1997-2016. Medicine, among seven broad subjects, contributed the largest publications share of 44.41\%, followed by pharmacology, toxicology and pharmaceutics (35.04\%), biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology (26.84\%), agricultural and biological sciences (16.89\%), chemistry (14.59\%), etc. during 1997-16. Among various organizations and authors contributing to global Glycyrrhiza glabra research, the 20 most productive global organizations and authors together contributed 15.08\% and 9.16\% global publication share respectively and 14.57\% and 16.62\% global citation share respectively during 1997-16. Amongst 3322 journal papers (in 1153 journals) in global Glycyrrhiza glabra research, the top 20 most productive journals contributed 16.80\% share of total journal publication output during 1997-2016. One hundred thirteen (113) publications were found to be high cited, as they registered citations from 100 to 852 during 1997-2016 and they together received 22234 citations, which averaged to 196.76 citations per paper.

}, keywords = {Bibliometrics, Global research output, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Medicinal plant, Scientometrics}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6.180}, author = {B. M. Gupta and K K Mueen Ahmed and Ritu Gupta} } @article {421, title = {A Novel Approach towards Green Extraction for Glycyrrhitinic Acid by Ionic Liquid Based Microwave Assisted Extraction and Optimization through Response Surface Methodology}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {September 2017}, pages = {866-872}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {866}, abstract = {

Background: Extraction process plays an important role in extraction of herbal bioactive components. Ionic liquid based microwave assisted extraction (IL-MAE) has the potential to yield maximum analytes from the crude drugs in shorter time period with less solvent consumption and greater efficiency. Objective: The present study aimed to develop new protocol of Ionic Liquids based Microwave-assisted Extraction (ILs-MAE) of glycyrrhetinic acid from licorice; optimization of the protocol through RSM and comparison of IL-MAE with conventional extraction techniques like maceration and soxhlation by HPTLC. Materials and Methods: A novel ionic liquid-based microwave assisted extraction (IL-MAE) method was carried out for glycyrrhitinic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra using ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) and optimized by response surface methodology. The variable microwaveassisted extraction parameters selected were concentration of [bmim]Cl, extraction time and microwave power while solid-liquid ratio and extraction temperature were kept constant. Response surface methodology was applied for developing, improving and optimizing the whole process and comparison of IL-MAE with maceration and soxhlation by HPTLC. Results: The yield of glycyrrhitinic acid was found to be 0.48 \% w/w in maceration in 7 days, 0.76 \% in soxhlation in 3 h and 2.54 \% w/w in IL-MAE in 4 min. Conclusion: IL- MAE of glycyrrhitinic acid from Glycyrrhiza glabra was proved to be better in respect of extraction efficiency, time and quantity of solvent used. Meanwhile, there was great reduction in the environmental pollution by using the green solvents/ ionic liquids (ILs), which is a great benefit to all.

}, keywords = {Glycyrrhitinic acid, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Microwave assisted extraction, Novel, Response surface methodology., [bmim]Cl}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.6.136}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/189}, author = {Meenu Bhan and Saurabh Satija and Chanchal Garg and Harish Dureja and Munish Garg} }