@article {1195, title = {Formulation of Creams Containing Active Fraction of Cassia fistula L. Barks and its Antibacterial Activity against Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {920-928}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {920}, abstract = {

Background: Cassia fistula L. has been traditionally used to cure skin diseases. That disease can be caused by various bacteria, such as Propionibacterium acnes and Pseudomonas aerugniosa. Objective: the objective of this research was to formulate cream containing active fraction of Cassia fistula bark and to study the antibacterial activity as well as physical stability of the active substance after formulation. Materials and Methods: The cream base were oilin- water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O) type. Antibacterial activity test had been performed by using agar diffusion method. Determination of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were conducted by microdilution method. The active fraction was formulated into creams with concentration of 4 -6x MIC. Physical evaluation of creams including organoleptic, pH, viscosity, TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) profiling and antibacterial activity against both tested bacteria were evaluated during 28 days of storage. Results: The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most active, having MIC and MBC values of 175 and 350 ppm respectively against P. acnes, while those against P. aeruginosa were 400 and 800 ppm. Optimation on creams using different type of cream bases showed that either O/W or W/O creams remained stable during 28 days of storage in terms of organoleptic and pH. The viscosity increased in O/W and decreased in W/O type. Qualitative analysis by TLC profiling showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Cassia fistula as chemical compounds in creams was relatively stable as the profile remained the same after 28th day of storage. Result of antibacterial activity test on cream with O/W base was unchange after 28 day, while that with W/O revealed no activity which may due to poor diffusion within the cream base as media. Conclusion: active fraction of Cassia fistula can be formulated into cream with O/W cream base system.

}, keywords = {Antibacteria, Cassia fistula, Cream, Propionibacterium Acnes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.131}, author = {Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa and Muhaimin Muhaimin and Yasmiwar Susilawati and Tiana Milanda} } @article {489, title = {Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial Activity, and Mode of Action on Morus nigra}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {167-171}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {167}, abstract = {

Introduction: The Morus nigra (Moraceae) known as black mulberry is a well-grown plant in Lembang, Indonesia. Previous studies showed that black mulberry fruit has activity as antibacterial and antioxidant. The aims of this study were to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethanol extract from stem bark, fruit, and leaves of Morus nigra, MIC and morphological changes of the most active extract against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Methods: Agar diffusion and microdilution assays were used to evaluate the antibacterial effect of the extract by measuring the zone of inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract against the test bacteria. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to evaluate the morphological changes induced by the extract in cellular membrane of the bacteria. Protein and ion leakage from the bacterial cells induced by the extract were also evaluated. Results: The antibacterial activity showed the most active extract was an ethanol extract of the stem bark against S. epidermidis and P. acnes with MIC value 4 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml, respectively. The extract also induced protein and ion leakage in test bacterial cells. SEM findings revealed that the extract induced potential cellular membrane damage in 4xMIC. Conclusion: The antibacterial activity was related to the damaged of bacterial cell wall.

}, keywords = {Cellular membrane damage., Morus nigra, Propionibacterium Acnes, Staphylococcus Epidermidis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.1.28}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/414}, author = {Diah Lia Aulifa and Sani Nurlaela Fitriansyah and Seno Aulia Ardiansyah and Diki Prayugo Wibowo and Yolanda Armiliani Julata and Desty Santi Christy} } @article {368, title = {Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Black Mulberry (Morus nigra L.) Extract for Acne Treatment}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {July 2017}, pages = {611-614}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {611}, abstract = {

Introduction: Black mulberry is rich in phenols and is hence usable in the treatment of acne. It also contains anthocyanin, a well-known antioxidant. This study aimed to examine the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.) extract as a potential raw material for use in beauty care products. Method: Fruit extract was obtained using maceration method with 96\% ethanol. The antibacterial activity of the extract was determined by disc diffusion method, while the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by microdilution method. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of the extract was tested by DPPH method. Result: The results showed a 2.5\% MIC against S. epidermidis and P. acnes, confirming the antibacterial activity of black mulberry extract. The MBC values for the respective bacterium were 2.5\% and 5\%. Regarding antioxidant activity, the IC50 value of black mulberry extract was 146.731 mg/mL, suggesting its medium potential. Conclusion: Morus nigra extract has antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis and P. acnes, and has medium potential as antioxidant.

}, keywords = {Anti acne, Antioxidant, Morus Nigra Extract, Propionibacterium Acnes, Staphylococcus Epidermidis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.5.97}, url = {/files/pj-9-5/10.5530pj.2017.5.97/index.html}, author = {Arif Budiman and Diah Lia Aulifa and Arif Satria Wira Kusuma and Astri Sulastri} }