@article {1826, title = {Chemical Profiling, Antioxidant and Lipoxygenase Enzyme Inhibition Activities of Wild Edible Truffle (Terfezia boudieri) from Northern Borders of Saudi Arabia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {August 2022}, pages = {319-326}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {319}, abstract = {

Truffles are natural food product very famous for its health benefits for being significant biosource of essential fatty acids, proteins and other antioxidant and phenolic compounds. The current study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemicals, antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibition activities of Terfezia boudieri of Saudi origin. Various phytochemicals were screened applying standard procedures. The total methanol extract (TME) of the truffle was subjected to several chromatographic procedures. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH antioxidant procedure, comparing results with trolox as standard. Results demonstrated that Terfezia boudieri chemically characterized by the availability of various constituents such as flavonoids, steroids, saponins, tannins and carbohydrates at different levels. Phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of β-sitosterol and gallic acid that were identified using 1H, 13C, DEPT, COSY, HMQC and HMBC NMR spectroscopic data. Results demonstrated high antioxidant activity with IC50: 50.4 μg/ml and 31.4 μg/ml for TME and gallic acid, respectively. TME and gallic acid exhibited lipoxygenase inhibitory activity with IC50 values 4.59 and 0.53 μg/ml for TME and gallic acid, respectively. The higher lipoxygenase inhibitory activity was presumably correlated to the high antioxidant activity. In conclusion, current investigation confirms the folklore use of Terfezia boudieri as antinflammatory food. Hence, the studied Terfezia boudieri may have a great potential as antioxidant and antinflammatory functional food and nutraceuticals products for pharmaceutical applications.

}, keywords = {DPPH, Gallic acid, Lipoxygenase inhibition, Terfezia boudieri, Truffle, β-sitosterol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.109}, author = {Marwan Mohamed Alshawush and Hussein Ali Burshed and Abdullah Jalal Alasoom and Abdullah Abdulhamid Altaweel and Hany Ezzat Khalil} } @article {1316, title = {Isolation and Identification of Chemical Compounds from Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb Stem Bark Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {1641-1652}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1641}, abstract = {

Background: Garcinia is a tropical plant that grows in Indonesia. Garcinia has many health benefits for the body. Garcinia contains many phenolic compounds and their derivatives, such as xanthon, flavonoids, benzophenone, lactone, and phenolic acids. Garcinia fruticosa Lauterb. comes from the family Clusiaceae. The results of the phytochemical examination showed that G. fruticosa bark extract contained alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and saponins. Objective: This study aims to isolate and identify chemical compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of G. fruticosa Lauterb stem bark. Method: G. fruticosa Lauterb bark. dried, milled, and extracted with Step Gradient Polarity/SGP maceration using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Isolation was done by column chromatography and identified by thin layer chromatography and IR spectroscopy, LC-MS/MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR (HSQC, HMBC). Results: Compound D7a has a molecular weight 168.0496. The IR spectrum shows the presence of a group {\textendash}OH appears on 3483 cm-1, aromatic presence in 1609 cm-1. The H-NMR spectrum shows the presence of aromatic signals on 6.96 (d, 8 Hz), 6.96 (d, 2 Hz) and 7.70 (dd, 8; 2 Hz). The C-NMR spectrum shows the presence of a carboxylic-COOH group appearing at 166.57 ppm, the presence of 2 x C-OH appearing at 147.18 and 151.18. In the HMBC spectrum, the -OCH3 position is located at C-3 with a correlation between the 3.79 (s) signal and the C signal at the chemical shift 147.18. Conclusions: Structural elucidation shows that compound D7a is a 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoate acid (Vanylic Acid) and isolate I-1 is an impure compound namely β-Sitosterol and Stigmasterol.

}, keywords = {4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzoic acid, Garcinia fruticosa, Isolation, Stigmasterol, Structural elucidation, β-sitosterol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.224}, author = {Novia Delita and Berna Elya and Muhammad Hanafi} } @article {1186, title = {Simultaneous Quantification of Lupeol, Stigmasterol and β- Sitosterol in Extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees Leaves and its Marketed Formulations by a Validated RP-HPLC Method}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {850-856}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {850}, abstract = {

Background: Adhatoda vasica Nees (Acanthaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant used for the treatment of respiratory disorders such as asthma and bronchitis. Objective: To develop a simple and precise RP-HPLC method for the simultaneous assessment of lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol of various extracts of Adhatoda vasica Nees. Materials and Methods: The compounds were separated on RP-Phenomenex C18 (250mm{\texttimes}4.6mm; 5μ) column with a mobile phase comprising of 0.1\%v/v formic acid in water and methanol (28:82\%v/v) splashed at a flow of 0.8mL/min with PDA detector at 208nm. Results: The retention time of lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was found to be 16.89, 18.26 and 20.72 minutes respectively. The amount of lupeol was abundant in hexane extract (0.952\%w/w) and formulation III (23.72ng/g) whereas, stigmasterol (0.285\%w/w) and β-sitosterol (8.649\%w/w) was highly abundant in chloroform extract and formulation I stigmasterol (2.57ng/g) and β-sitosterol (0.98ng/g). The optimized method was validated for different parameters and all the validated constraints were within the limits as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method was linear over the concentration range of 12.5-200μg/mL with correlation coefficients greater than 0.997. The LOD and LOQ values of lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were found to be 0.66, 5.64 and 12.8μg/mL and 2.01, 17.10 and 36.62μg/mL respectively. Conclusion: To conclude, the developed method for the simultaneous estimation of lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol was simple, precise, accurate and thus reliable for the quality control investigations of crude drugs and its herbal formulations.

}, keywords = {Adhatoda vasica Nees, HPLC, Lupeol, Simultaneous quantification, Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.122}, author = {Nandhini S and Ilango K} } @article {785, title = {Triterpenes and Sterols from Leaves of Hoya meliflua Merr}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {January 2019}, pages = {48-52}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {48}, abstract = {

Introduction: Hoya plants are also called wax plants due to the waxy appearance of their leaves and flowers. Most species are cultivated as ornamental plants. In the Philippines, there are at least 109 species of Hoya; 88 of these are endemic to the country. One of the endemic species is Hoya meliflua often confused with H. diversifolia, which can also be found in other countries. This study is part of our research on the chemical constituents of Philippine native Hoyas. Methods: The compounds were isolated by silica gel chromatography and identified by NMR spectroscopy. Results: Chemical investigation of the dichloromethane extract from the leaves of Hoya meliflua afforded squalene and mixtures of β-amyrin (1a), α-amyrin (1b) and lupeol (1c) in about 1:1:0.25 ratio; oleanone (2a), ursenone (2b) and lupenone (2c) in about 1:1:0.3 ratio; β-amyrin cinnamate (3a), α-amyrin cinnamate (3b) and lupenyl cinnamate (3c) in about 0.5:0.3:1 ratio; and β-sitosterol and stigmasterol in about 5:1 ratio. Conclusion: The results of our study indicate that Hoya meliflua shares similar chemical characteristics with other members of the genus Hoya. The triterpenes and sterols obtained from H. meliflua were also identified from other Hoya species. It is interesting to note that although most Hoya plants have no known biological activity and medicinal property, the compounds isolated from H. meliflua possess diverse bioactivities.

}, keywords = {Apocynaceae, Hoya meliflua, Lupenone, Lupenyl Cinnamate, Lupeol, Oleanone, Squalene, Stigmasterol, Ursenone, α-amyrin, α-amyrin Cinnamate, β-amyrin, β-amyrin Cinnamate, β-sitosterol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.1.9}, author = {Vincent Antonio S. Ng and Raymond S. Malabed and Fernando B. Aurigue and Consolacion Y. Ragasa} } @article {603, title = {Chemical Constituents of Cymodocea rotundata Asch. and Schweinf}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {June 2018}, pages = {620-621}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {620}, abstract = {

Introduction: Cymodocea rotundata Asch. and Schweinf, a widespread seagrass with reported antimicrobial activity, was investigated for its chemical constituents. Methods: The compounds were isolated by silica gel chromatography and identified by NMR spectroscopy. Results: This study has led to the isolation of \β-sitosteryl-3\β-glucopyranoside-6\′-O-fatty acid esters (1), chlorophyll a (2) and a mixture of \β-sitosterol (3a) and stigmasterol (3b) in about 1:1 ratio from the dichloromethane extract of C. rotundata. Conclusion: This is the first report on the isolation of 1-3b from C. rotundata. Compounds 2-3b were reported to exhibit antibacterial activity and may be partly responsible for the reported antimicrobial activity of the C. rotundata extract.

}, keywords = {Chlorophyll, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodoceaceae, Stigmasterol., β-sitosterol, β-sitosteryl-3β-glucopyranoside-6'-Ofatty acid esters}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.4.101}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/639}, author = {Judy D. V. Perez and Chien Chang Shen and Consolacion Y. Ragasa} } @article {54, title = {Elucidation of β-sitosterol from Benincasa hispida Seeds, Carissa congesta Roots and Polyalthia longifolia Leaves by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {Jul-Aug 2015}, pages = {221-227}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {221}, abstract = {

Background: Fruits of Benincasa hispida (BH) is regarded as Valliphala due to its vast plethora of medicinal properties, Carissa congesta (CC) is an imperative local plant particularly in rural communities and Polyalthia longifolia (PL) is an ornamentally significant traditionally relevance plant in India system. \β-sitosterol, an active constituent identified from enormous plants has been reported to possess excellent amount of pharmacotherapeutic potential by number of researchers. Objective: In the recent studies, the research team focuses on determining the percentage of the \β-sitosterol present in the BH seeds, CC roots petroleum ether extracts as well as PL leaves ethanolic extract by chromatographic technique in harmony with High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography. Materials and Methods: Respective parts of BH, CC and PL plants were shade-dried and extracted by appropriate extraction methods followed by identification of \β-sitosterol from the extracts by High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography after preliminary phytochemical screening extracts for the constituents. Results: The amount of \β-sitosterol present in the BH seeds, CC roots and PL leaves extracts was found to be 23.00, 5.94 and 1.81 \% w/w respectively. Research studies elucidated a peak that coincided with standard peak of \β-sitosterol suggesting the presence of constituent in the extracts. Conclusion: Thus, extracts contains important constituent of \β-sitosterol in BH, CC and PL.

}, keywords = {Benincasa hispida, Carissa congesta, HPTLC, Polyalthia longifolia, β-sitosterol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.4.3}, author = {Gaurav Mahesh Doshi and Pratip Kashinath Chaskar and Hemant Devidas Une} } @article {1531, title = {Sterols and triterpenes from the non-polar antitubercular fraction of Abutilon indicum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {26th May 2014}, pages = {49-52}, type = {Research Article}, abstract = {

Introduction:Abutilon indicum Sweet (Malvaceae) is used in Filipino folk medicine as demulcent, diuretic, sedative, aphrodisiac and antidiabetic remedy. It is also effective in the treatment of leprosy. It is also used as a laxative for patients having hemorrhoids and in the treatment of coughs, puerperal disease, urinary disorders, chronic dysentery and fever. Methods: Air-dried powdered leaves of A. indicum were initially extracted with DCM-methanol (1:1) to afford a crude extract which was fractionated on a silica gel column to afford four fractions. The first fraction which showed antimycobacterial activity was further chromatographed in a silica gel column to afford bioactive fractions from which four compounds were obtained. The crude extract, fractions and isolated compounds were screened for their inhibitory effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC) using the colorimetric Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA) method. Results: The fractions obtained after silica gel chromatography of the crude DCMmethanol (1:1) revealed the first fraction (MIC=64 mg/mL) to exert the highest inhibition against M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Further separation of this fraction afforded sub-fractions with moderately strong inhibitory activity against the test organism (MIC up to 64 mg/mL). Chromatographic purification of sub-fraction 1 afforded four compounds which were spectroscopically identified as \β-amyrin 3-palmitate (1), squalene (2) and a 1:1 mixture of the sterols \β-sitosterol (3) and stigmasterol (4). Evaluation of the antimycobacterial activity of 1\–4 showed insignificant inhibitory activity against the test organism (MIC = \>128 mg/mL). Conclusion: The present results demonstrate the potential of Abutilon indicum as a plant source of compounds that may exhibit promising antituberculosis activity. While the known compounds isolated for this plant did not show antimycobacterial activity, the obtained results are considered sufficient reason for further study to isolate the metabolites from A. indicum responsible for the antitubercular activity.

Key words:Abutilon indicum, Malvaceae, antitubercular, squalene, \β-amyrin 3-palmitate, \β-sitosterol, stigmasterol.

}, keywords = {Abutilon indicum, Antitubercular, Malvaceae, Squalene, Stigmasterol., β-amyrin 3-palmitate, β-sitosterol}, author = {Allan Patrick G. Macabeo and Christopher A. Lee} }