@article {487, title = {Characteristics of Thai Pigmented Rice Milk Kefirs with Potential as Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Foods}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {December 2017}, pages = {154-161}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {154}, abstract = {

Aims: The characteristics, antioxidant property of Hawm Nil rice (Purple rice), Red Hawm rice (Red rice), Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice (White rice) milk kefirs and mixing of three color rice milk kefir in different ratios were investigated. Then, anti-inflammatory activity of Hawm Nil rice kefir was studied. Methodology: The physiochemical properties, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of these rice milk kefirs were investigated. Anti-inflammatory measurements were performed to study blood chemistry, hematological values and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a) level in colitis rats compared with rats treated with prednisolone (positive control) and cow\’s milk kefir. Results: All the rice kefir formulas had lower pH values than the cow\’s milk kefir. Moreover, they all exhibited no changing viscosity. Lactic acid concentrations increased in cow\’s milk kefir during 24-48 h. Alcohol concentrations in all the rice formulas increased within 24-48 h, while cow\’s milk only increased at 72 h. Antioxidant activity, most of the rice milk kefirs had antioxidant activity higher than cow\’s milk by DPPH assay. In addition, the Hawm Nil rice milk kefir had high antioxidant activity by DPPH assay and FRAP assay. Blood chemistry, hematological values and tumor necrosis factor-\α (TNF-\α) levels in colitis rats treated with Hawm Nil rice milk kefir did not differ from those treated with prednisolone and cow\’s milk kefir. TNF-\α in the serum of colitis rats treated with Hawm Nil rice milk kefir was significantly reduced when compared to the PBS buffer. Conclusion: The findings indicated that color rice kefirs may offer protection against chemically induced tissue injury. Hawm Nil rice milk kefir exerted potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and was safe for human consumption. Other Thai colored rice will be used to develop Thai rice milk kefir products as new and antioxidant-rich beverages and functional foods for human health benefits in the future.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, Lactic acid, Rice kefir, Thai color rice}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.1.26}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/412}, author = {Sirirat Deeseenthum and Vijitra Luang-In and Supaporn Chunchom} } @article {704, title = {Effects of Kefir Fermentation on Antioxidation Activities (in vitro) and Antioxidative Stress (in vivo) of Three Thai Rice Milk Varieties Prepared by Ultrasonication Technique}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1061-1066}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1061}, abstract = {

Aims: The effects of kefir fermentation were investigated on antioxidation activities (in vitro) and antioxidative stress (in vivo) for different Thai rice; Hawm Nil rice, Red Hawm rice and Khao Dawk Mali 105 rice. Methodology: Antioxidant activity (in vitro) was investigated using ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2, 2\´-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assays. In addition, antioxidative stress (in vivo) was performed using colitis rat models to study nitric oxide (NO), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) compared with rats treated with prednisolone and cow\’s milk kefir. Results: Antioxidant activity of rice kefir powder from both assays had higher antioxidant activity than cow\’s milk kefir powder. NO levels of colitis rats received Hawm Nil rice kefir powder (HNKP) was reduced when compared to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) group. Moreover, colitis rats received HNKP did not differ in NO levels from colitis rats that received prednisolone and non-colitis rats. The result of LPO product malondialdehyde (MDA) indicated that colitis rats treated with HNKP had reduced TBARS compared to PBS group, and did not differ in TBARS levels from rats that received prednisolone and non-colitis rats. Surprisingly, increase in SOD activity was observed in colitis rats that received HNKP compared to PBS, with similar results of increased SOD in rats that received prednisolone and cow\’s milk kefir powder. Conclusion: Hawm Nil rice kefir may offer a protective effect for antioxidative stress resulting from chemical induction; it has potential as a supplementary food with high antioxidant activity and is regarded as safe for consumer health.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Antioxidative stress, Lactic acid, Rice kefir, Thai rice}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.179}, author = {Sirirat Deeseenthum and Vijitra Luang-In and Stephen Moses John and Pheeraya Chottanom and Supaporn Chunchom} } @article {334, title = {Antioxidant Activity, Biochemical Components and Sub-Chronic Toxicity of Different Brown Rice Kefir Powders}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {April 2017 }, pages = {388-394}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {388}, abstract = {

Aims: This study aimed to investigate and compare antioxidant activity, biochemical components and subchronic toxicity of brown rice kefir powder from three different coloured rice varieties; Khao Dawk Mali 105 (KDMLKP, white), Red Hawm (RHKP, red), and Hawm Nil (HNKP, dark purple), with cow milk kefir powder (CMKP). Medthods: Antioxidant activity performed by using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay and 2, 2\´-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Biochemical components values including gamma-aminobutyric acid and alpha-tocopherol were determined using high performance liquid chromatography, but total phenolic compounds was detemined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Sub-chronic toxicity test, KDMLKP, RHKP and HNKP at the doses of 150 mg/kg were given orally to the rats every day for 90 days. Results: Antioxidant activity showed that brown rice kefir powders were significantly (p\≤0.05) higher than cow milk kefir powder. Interestingly, HNKP provided the highest FRAB value and the lowest IC50 of DPPH assay. HNKP had also the highest biochemical component values. Repeat administration of KDMLKP, RHKP and HNKP did not produce any symptoms of sub-chronic toxicity; mortality, hematological values, and blood biochemistry in the rats. Moreover, RHKP produced HDL increasing without CHO, TG and LDL changing in rats. Conclusions: These data indicate that brown rice kefir powders show no sub-chronic toxicity and exhibit more antioxidant activity and biochemical component values than cow milk kefir powder. Surprisingly, RHKP showed HDL increasing while HNKP had the highest potent antioxidant activity and biochemical components. Thus, both rice kefir powders are safe and probably a new biochemical resource for health.

{\textquoteleft}}, keywords = {antioxidant activity, Biochemical Components, Brown Rice Kefir Powder, Rice, Sub-Chronic Toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.3.66}, url = {/files/PJ-9-3/10.5530pj.2017.3.66}, author = {Supaporn Chunchom and Chusri Talubmook and Sirirat Deeseenthum} }