@article {2442, title = {Acute Chemical Eye Injury as Result of an Assault: Clinical and Forensic Approach}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1408-1410}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1408}, abstract = {

Introduction: Chemical injuries represent a significant health concern, characterized by trauma inflicted by corrosive substances, including both acidic and alkaline agents. Chemical trauma to the eye is particularly critical due to its potential for high morbidity and irreversible blindness, necessitating immediate medical intervention. Understanding clinical aspect of chemical eye injury is crucial, as it not only impacts clinical outcomes but also informs forensic management strategies. Method: Case reports on chemical eye injury case causing by an assault. In-depth study about the case based on clinical aspect of the disease and its management in forensic. Results: Presented male; 56 years old suffered from chemical burns on both eyes causing by suspected acid liquid. The acid was poured on the victim by his biological son. Examination shows limbal ischemia was 270o accompanied by corneal erosion in the right eye. Visual acuity test shows a decrease in vision for both eyes. Litmus examination of the right eye showed a pH of 6 {\textendash} 7. Case management involves collaboration between clinical management by the eye department and legal management correlated to the assault by the forensic department. Conclusion: In a case of chemical assaults to the eyes, clinical management and prognosis of the injury suffered by patient will determine the severity of injury. This in turn, will be one of the considerations for the judges to decide

}, keywords = {Case management, Chemical burns, Eye injury, Forensic medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.226}, author = {Tia Maya Affrita and Ahmad Yudianto and Syahroni} } @article {2449, title = {Cerebral Vessel Rupture Leading to Sudden Death: Implications for Pharmacognosy}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1442-1446}, type = {Case Report}, chapter = {1442}, abstract = {

Sudden death is one of the situations that necessitates immediate treatment from a forensic doctor. The WHO defines sudden death as death occurring within 24 hours of the beginning of symptoms. There are three sorts of sudden death: unexpected, unwitnessed, and spontaneous. Diseases of the Central Nervous System are the third most common cause of sudden death. Ischemic stroke (blockage) and hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding) are examples of central nervous system illnesses. Hypertension (cardiovascular disease) and smoking are known risk factors for hemorrhagic stroke.In 2019, the global incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was 14.46 per 100,000 people. The case discussed in our paper is about the sudden death of a European (Ukrainian) ship captain who happened to be anchored in the waters of Gresik, East Java, who died of hemorrhagic stroke.

}, keywords = {Cardiovascular Disease, ICH, SAH, Stroke, sudden death}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.233}, author = {Farhad Moegis and Ahmad Yudianto and Renny Sumino} } @article {2441, title = {Identification of Murder Victims{\textquoteright} Cranial Bone Mutilation Using Forensic Medicine, Anthropology, and Genotype DNA Approaches}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1404-1407}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1404}, abstract = {

The objective of forensic identification is to aid investigators in ascertaining an individual{\textquoteright}s identity. Reliability in identifying human remains from natural catastrophes, man-made disasters, and situations involving missing individuals has significantly advanced. Anthropological examination and forensic genetic profiling are particularly beneficial when traditional identification procedures, such as fingerprinting or ocular recognition, are not feasible. Even in cases where only skeletal remains are present, anthropological inquiries and forensic genetic examination of the remaining body parts can ascertain the identity and familial connection of the surviving individual. We have found a decapitated skull that is missing its lower jaw and comprises several cervical bones. Investigators think that the decapitated head is a component of a victim who was previously interred. We conducted an autopsy, an anthropological analysis and report the process of identifying skull bone mutilations in murder victims using forensic medicine, anthropology, and DNA genotyping approaches. We performed autopsy and anthropological investigations to collect data from the skeletal remains and a genetic analysis by collecting tooth and blood samples from victims{\textquoteright} parents. These samples were then utilized for DNA extraction, calculation of DNA rate and purity, amplification, and identification of genotype. After investigation, we discovered a single cranial bone and four cervical bones. Under macroscopic examination, the bones exhibit a striking resemblance to the structure of a human head and neck. The presence of tissue still attached to the bones indicates that the time of death exceeds 10 days. The complete destruction of the cranial bones indicates that they belong to individuals aged between 21 and 39 years. The presence of shovel-shaped teeth, a rounded palatal form, straight palatal sutures, and molar teeth with four cusps provide strong identification of the deceased individual as belonging to the Mongoloid race. The assessment of height is challenging due to the absence lengthy bones

}, keywords = {Antrophology, Autopsy, Genetic Profiling, Identification, Skeletal Remains}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.225}, author = {Setya Aji Priyatna and Satria Perwira and Vernando Parlindungan Simanjuntak and Sari Nur Indahty Purnamaningsih and I Ketut Heru Suryanegara and Desy Martha Panjaitan and Ahmad Yudianto} }