@article {2511, title = {Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Phanera aureifolia (K.Larsen \& S.S.Larsen) Bandyop., P.P.Ghoshal \& M.K.Pathak Leaf Ethanolic Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {June 2025}, pages = {365-369}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {365}, abstract = {

Introduction: Natural antioxidants and antimicrobial agents are abundantly found in medicinal plants. Objective: This study evaluated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of two colors from Phanera aureifolia (K.Larsen \& S.S.Larsen) Bandyop., P.P.Ghoshal \& M.K.Pathak leaf ethanolic extracts including gold and green leaves. Method: To assess antimicrobial efficacy, the agar well diffusion technique was analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was utilized to investigate the ultrastructural alterations in MRSA caused by leaf extracts. DPPH assay was used to assess antioxidant activity. The total amounts of phenolic compounds and flavonoids were evaluated through the Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric techniques, respectively. The statistical analysis using an independent t-test. Results: Both extracts demonstrated activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa TISTR146, Micrococcus luteus TISTR884, Staphylococcus aureus TISTR517 and Methicillin-resistant S. aureus 142 (MRSA142). Their activity against M. luteus TISTR884 was the highest observed. The MIC of both extracts against MRSA were 10 mg/ml. SEM analysis revealed that the cells exhibited noticeable enlargement and swelling compared to untreated MRSA cells. Extract from the green leaves of Gold leaf Bauhinia showed greater radical scavenging activity, higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents, compared to those from the golden leaves. Conclusions: The findings show that the extract from the green leaves of Gold leaf Bauhinia possess higher antioxidant potential compared to those from the golden leaves. In addition, both extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity, especially against MRSA.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant, Flavonoid compound, P.P.Ghoshal \& M.K.Pathak, Phanera aureifolia (K.Larsen \& S.S.Larsen) Bandyop., Phenolic compound}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.45}, author = {Gornganok Piboonpol and On-Anong Somsap and Wanita Panthong and Penporn Sujiwattanarat and Anussara Kamnate} } @article {2462, title = {Anti-Tyrosinase, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Activity of Si Boo Gan Tang Rice and Rice Bran Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {January 2025}, pages = {22-27}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {22}, abstract = {

Si Boo Gan Tang is a widely cultivated variety of rice in the Tak Bai district of Narathiwat province, located in the southern region of Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the biological properties of Si Boo Gan Tang rice and rice bran extracts, focusing on their anti-tyrosinase activity, anti-inflammatory activity, and cytotoxicity. The anti-tyrosinase assay revealed that the aqueous extract of rice (RW) significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity by 41.47\%. Similarly, the ethanolic extract of rice (RE) exhibited anti-tyrosinase activity at 35.34\%. The aqueous (RBW) and ethanolic (RBE) extracts of rice bran showed anti-tyrosinase activity with percentages of 19.26\% and 29.08\%, respectively. The anti-inflammatory experiment, conducted using RAW 264.7 cells, demonstrated that all extracts (RW, RBW, RE, and RBE) from rice and rice bran exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by reducing the release of nitric oxide (NO) from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The extracts had IC50 values of over 400 μg/ml and CC50 values over 400 μg/ml. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay on HaCaT cells. The findings indicated that the IC50 values for both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of rice and rice bran were greater than 800 μg/ml.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Anti-tyrosinase, Cytotoxicity, HaCaT cell, Si Boo Gan Tang Rice}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.3}, author = {On-Anong Somsap and Wasinee Poonsawat and Ameena Benchamana and Anussara Kamnate and Gornganok Piboonpol and Wanita Pantong} } @article {2530, title = {Comparative Phytochemical, Antioxidant, and Antibacterial Study of Different Solvent Extracts of Cissus hastata Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {August 2025}, pages = {511-519}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {511}, abstract = {

Introduction: Plants have long been utilized in traditional medicine for treating a variety of diseases. Plant-derived extracts are a rich source of phytochemicals with documented antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Objective: This study aimed to investigate and compare the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant capacities, and antibacterial activities of various crude extracts from the leaves of Cissus hastata. Methods: Leaf extracts of C. hastata were prepared using hexane (Hex), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), 95\% ethanol (EtOH), and 50\% ethanol (AqE). These extracts were analyzed for preliminary phytochemical constituents, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays), and antibacterial activity against five bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus (TISTR 517), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA 142), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Escherichia coli (ESBL 182), and Salmonella typhimurium (TISTR 292). Results: Phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts of C. hastata leaves revealed the presence of diverse bioactive compounds. The EtOAc and AqE extracts exhibited the highest TPC (65.31 {\textpm} 1.85 and 61.45 {\textpm} 3.34 mg GAE/g extract, respectively) (p \< 0.05). In contrast, the EtOH extract showed the highest TFC (29.92 {\textpm} 3.42 mg QE/g extract) (p \< 0.05). The EtOH and AqE extracts also demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activities in the DPPH (IC50: 307.07 {\textpm} 7.18 μg/mL and 316.86 {\textpm} 11.78 μg/mL), ABTS (IC50: 160.21 {\textpm} 5.43 μg/mL and 208.45 {\textpm} 3.84 μg/ mL) (p \< 0.05), and FRAP (4.69 {\textpm} 0.08 and 4.96 {\textpm} 0.07 mM FeSO4/mg extract) assays. The antibacterial activity was observed exclusively against Gram-positive bacteria. Among all the extracts, the AqE extract at a concentration of 100 mg/mL exhibited significant antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus, with zones of inhibition measuring 15.43 {\textpm} 0.46 mm, 14.76 {\textpm} 0.58 mm, and 15.66 {\textpm} 1.04 mm, respectively. Conclusion: Ethanol-based extracts of C. hastata leaves demonstrate high antioxidant and antibacterial activities and represent a promising source of bioactive compounds for developing natural therapeutic agents.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Cissus hastata, Leaves, Phytochemical}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.64}, author = {Patcharin Singdam and Anussara Kamnate and On-Anong Somsap and Ruhainee Tohkayomatee} } @article {2495, title = {Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant Potential, and α-Glucosidase Inhibition of Causonis trifolia Leaf Extracts: A Solvent-Based Comparative Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {17}, year = {2025}, month = {April 2025}, pages = {164-170}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {164}, abstract = {

Introduction: Medicinal plants are used in diabetes mellitus due to their proven minimal adverse effects in humans. Causonis trifolia leaves have been used as traditional medicine for various treatments. Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate the phytochemicals, the total flavonoid and phenolic content, and in-vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of the extracts of C. trifolia leaves. Method: The leaves of C. trifolia were sequentially extracted with maceration in hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and 50\% ethanol. Then, the C. trifolia leaf extracts were assessed for antioxidant activity by the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP assay. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined by the Folin- Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Antidiabetic activity was evaluated by determination of α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of ethanol and 50\% ethanol extracts of C. trifolia leaves showed positive results for alkaloids, coumarin, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, and steroids. The 50\% ethanol extract had the best antioxidant activities of the three antioxidant assays (p \< 0.05). The results revealed higher phenolic and flavonoid contents in 50\% ethanol extract than in the other extracts (p \< 0.05). Moreover, the 50\% ethanol extract exhibited the best potential as α-glucosidase inhibitors of all the extracts and acarbose (p \< 0.05). Conclusions: The results conclude that the C. trifolia leaves with 50\% ethanol as the solvent possessed the potential to extract the highest levels of phytochemical content and have potential antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities for diabetic therapy.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic, Antioxidant, Causonis trifolia, α-glucosidase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2025.17.20}, author = {Patcharin Singdam and Anussara Kamnate and On-Anong Somsap and Ruhainee Tohkayomatee} } @article {2246, title = {Boletus griseipurpureus Corner: Antibacterial, Antioxidant Properties and Phytochemical Compositions}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {April 2024}, pages = {296-301}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {296}, abstract = {

This study aims to investigate the properties of B. griseipurpureus Corner concerning its efficacy against various bacterial strains and its antioxidant capacity, along with its phytochemical composition. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar well diffusion method, revealing pronounced efficacy against gram-negative bacteria, particularly noteworthy against E. coli ESBL182, known for its antibiotic resistance. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of B. griseipurpureus Corner extract against E. coli ESBL182 were determined to be 75 and 300 mg/ml, respectively. The extract exhibited bacteriostatic activity by inhibiting cell growth, leading to a reduction in optical density at 600 nm. Additionally, examination of the supernatant from untreated and treated E. coli ESBL182 cells with B. griseipurpureus Corner extract indicated absorbance values of 0.088 and 0.248 at 260 nm, and 0.045 and 0.286 at 280 nm, respectively. Further investigation utilizing a scanning electron microscope revealed alterations in the morphology of treated cells, which displayed elongation and fragmentation, in contrast to untreated cells. The DPPH assay indicated that the IC50 of B. griseipurpureus Corner extract was 31.22 mg/ml. The IC50 value obtained from the ABTS assay was 47.31 mg/ml. Additionally, the FRAP assay revealed that the concentration of ascorbic acid equivalent in B. griseipurpureus Corner extract was 1.06 mg/g crude extract. Phytochemical analysis, conducted using a spectrophotometer at wavelengths of 750 nm and 510 nm, respectively, indicated phenolic and flavonoid contents of 0.22 mg gallic acid/g fresh weight and 3.23 mg quercetin/g fresh weight in the extract.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant property, Boletus griseipurpureus Corner, Flavonoid compound, Phenolic compound, Phytochemical compositions}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.44}, author = {On-Anong Somsap and Anussara Kamnate and Amornrat Angajchariya} }