@article {2224, title = {Concordance of Sputum and Feces Samples for Detecting Mycobacterium Tuberculosis using Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {167-173}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {167}, abstract = {

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide, and Indonesia ranks among the countries with the highest TB prevalence. There is a need to develop improved detection tools and explore alternative sample sources beyond sputum. Feces samples are one such nonsputum alternative. Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra is a novel diagnostic tool used in Indonesia. This study aims to assess the concordance of both sputum and feces samples in detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) using Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra. Methods: An analytical observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on TB subjects at Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Dr. Soetomo), Surabaya, and several community health centers (puskesmas) in Surabaya. Sputum and feces samples were collected from the same subjects. These subjects underwent Feces acid-fast bacilli (AFB) tests, sputum and Feces Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra tests, and sputum culture tests (considered the gold standard), as well as rifampicin resistance tests for positive cultures. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) tests were conducted using Medcalc software, and the concordance test employed the Kappa value. Results: The study involved 71 research subjects. The sensitivity of Feces AFB tests, sputum, and Feces Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra tests was 7.3\%, 97.6\%, and 97.6\%, respectively. The Cohen{\textquoteright}s Kappa consistency test for Feces AFB tests and sputum culture produced a Kappa value of 0.063 (p \> 0.05). The Cohen{\textquoteright}s Kappa consistency test on sputum and Feces Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra tests yielded a Kappa value of 0.409 (p \< 0.05). The Cohen{\textquoteright}s Kappa consistency test on sputum and Feces Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra tests compared with the rifampicin resistance tests resulted in Kappa values of 0.902 and 0.951 (p \< 0.05). The CT value of Feces Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra tests was higher than that of sputum Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra tests. Conclusion: A concordance exists between the results of sputum and Feces Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra tests, but no concordance is observed between the results of Feces AFB tests and sputum culture tests. The higher CT value of Feces Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra tests compared to sputum Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra tests indicates a lower bacterial load in feces. Feces can be considered a viable alternative sample to sputum for MTB detection using Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra.

}, keywords = {Feces AFB test, Feces Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra test, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), rifampicin resistance test, Xpert{\textregistered} MTB/RIF Ultra}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.23}, author = {Dewi Rochmawati and Puspa Wardhani and Yessy Puspitasari and Tutik Kusmiati and Atika and Hartono Kahar} } @article {2439, title = {Impact of Natural Products and Mindfulness Practices on Serum Serotonin Levels, Clinical Symptoms, and Mindfulness in Adolescents with ADHD Symptoms}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1389-1395}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1389}, abstract = {

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and impaired attention (inattention). Pharmacological treatments are often effective but have limitations, necessitating the exploration of alternative therapies. Interventions based on mindfulness (MBIs) have demonstrated effectiveness in alleviating symptoms of ADHD, but their effects on clinical symptoms, serotonin levels, and mindfulness in adolescents have not been thoroughly studied in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions on the improvement of clinical symptoms, changes in serum serotonin levels, and mindfulness levels in adolescents with ADHD symptoms. Methods: A true-experimental design with a randomized controlled trial was employed. ADHD symptoms were screened using the Abbreviated Conners{\textquoteright} Teacher Rating Scale (ACTRS) among adolescent students in grades 7 through 9 of junior high school (n = 1067). After meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study included 28 adolescents aged 12{\textendash}16 years diagnosed with ADHD, divided into treatment (mindfulness) and control groups. Clinical symptoms were assessed using the SPPAHI questionnaire, mindfulness levels were measured with the CAMM scale, and serum serotonin levels were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. Results: The mindfulness group demonstrated notable reductions in clinical symptoms and mindfulness levels in comparison to the control group. There was no notable difference in serum serotonin levels between the two groups. Conclusions: MBIs effectively reduced ADHD symptoms and increased mindfulness levels in adolescents. No substantial changes were observed in serotonin levels, indicating that mindfulness impacts behavioral and cognitive aspects more than biochemical markers. These findings suggest that mindfulness may be a valuable complementary therapy for ADHD management in adolescents.

}, keywords = {CAMM, mindfulness, serotonin serum, SPPAHI}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.223}, author = {Dianasari and Yunias Setiawati and Royke Tony Kalalo and Atika and Farida Anwari and ASM Morshed and Auliya Yudia Yasyfin} }