@article {2213, title = {Phytochemical Screening, Thin Layer Chromatography and Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy Analysis of Eleutherine Bulbous (Mill.) Urb Bulb Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {88-93}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {88}, abstract = {

Background: Many traditional medicinal plants were studied for their phytochemical components. Dayak onions (Eleutherine bulbous (Mill.) Urb) is one of traditional medicinal plant in Indonesia. Analysis of the phytochemical compounds in the extract of the plant would help in determining various biological activities of the plant. Objective: This study was primarily aimed to identify the phytochemical profile of Dayak onions extract and its fractions. Methods: The Dayak onion bulbs were collected from Pancur Batu District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Multiple solvents used to for extraction and analysis of phytochemical compound by chemical reactions, thin layer chromatography (TLC) profiling, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) profiling. Results: The phytochemical screening of Dayak onions ethanol extract showed it contained alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, and triterpenes/ steroids. The n-hexane fraction contained flavonoids and triterpenes/steroids, while the ethyl acetate fraction contains flavonoids and glycosides. The water fraction contained alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and tannins. By TLC profiling, the bioactive compounds in ethanol extract of the Dayak onion contain steroids, tannins, flavonoids and alkaloids. The bioactive compound in ethyl acetate fraction contains steroids, tannins, triterpenes, flavonoids and glycosides. The bioactive compound in n-hexan fraction contains steroids. The bioactive compound in water fraction fraction contains steroids and tannins. The FTIR demonstrated the presence of C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), C-O alcohol, ether, esters and carboxy acid in the ethanol extract, en-hexan fractions and ethyl acetate fractions. Conclusion: The phytochemical qualitative profiling showed that Dayak onion bulb as a rich source of bioactive compounds and have medicinal potential as therapeutic agent. A higher content of bioactive compounds of Dayak onion bulbs found in the ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The FTIR demonstrated the presence of C-H alkanes, =C-H alkenes (aliphatic), C-O alcohol, ether, esters and carboxy acid in the ethanol extract, enhexan fractions and ethyl acetate fractions.

}, keywords = {Dayak onion, Eleutherine bulbous, Extract, Fraction, FTIR, TLC}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.12}, author = {Lokot Donna Lubis and Muhammad Fidel Ganis Siregar and Farhat and Iqbal Pahlevi Adeputra Nasution and Dedy Syahrizal and Kamal Basri Siregar and Putri Chairani Eyanoer and Ichwanul Adenin and Muhammad Rusda and Mustafa M. Amin} } @article {2182, title = {Correlation of Mitotic Index (MI) and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) to Chemotherapy Response in Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1181-1184}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1181}, abstract = {

Background: The response to chemotherapy depends on the proliferation of cancer cells. The higher the proliferation of cancer cells, the better the response. Mitotic Index and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes are markers related to the rate of proliferation and cancer immunity. Objectives: to analyze the correlation of Mitotic Index (MI) and Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) to chemotherapy response in Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Methods: This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. It was conducted at the Division of Oncology Surgical, Department of Surgery, USU Medical Faculty, H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, for six months with a sample of 60 people. Results: On average, most respondents are 47 years old, with the youngest age being 27 and the oldest 73 years old. Most respondents have Grade II, with most in stage IIIB. There was no relationship between Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes and Chemotherapy Response (p\>0.05), with a Positive Predictive Value (NPP) of 47\% and a Negative Predictive Value (NPN) of 50\%. Conclusion: There is no relationship between the mitotic index and clinical response to chemotherapy, and there is no relationship between tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and the response to chemotherapy due to influencing factors such as albumin, T stage, menopausal status, and receptor status.

}, keywords = {Chemotherapy response, Mitotic index, TNBC, Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.214}, author = {Kamal Basri Siregar and Barry Winaldy Siregar and Suyatno} } @article {2183, title = {Correlation of Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) to Apoptotic Index (AI) in Breast Cancer}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1185-1188}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1185}, abstract = {

Background: TILs is higher in breast cancer tissue, especially in the stroma compared to normal breast tissue. There is still no research on the relationship between AI and TILS in breast cancer. Yet another study indicating the presence of lymphocytic infiltration was investigated further by detailed analysis of apoptotic epithelial/tumor cells, using the CytoDEATH M30 antibody. The number of apoptosis was significantly higher. Methods: This study used an observational analytic design with a cross-sectional approach to analyze the relationship between Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the apoptotic index (AI) in breast cancer. This research was conducted at H. Adam Malik General Hospital. The study was conducted using a case series model to see the correlation between Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TILs) and Apoptotic index (AI) in Breast Cancer. Results: In this study there were 52 patients where the mean age was 54.8 years with a standard deviation of 9.66 years Based on the characteristics of the TNM, it was found that most of the patients came with T3 (24 patients/46.2\%), N0 (29 patients/55.8\%) and M1 (31 patients/59.6\%). Based on the frequency, there were 35 patients with high TILS or 67.3\% of the total sample and 44 patients with high AI or 84.6\%. In this study, an analysis of the relationship between TILS and AI was carried out where a p value \<0.001 was obtained indicating a significance and relationship between TILS and AI. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship between tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the Apoptotic index (AI).

}, keywords = {Apoptotic Index, Breast cancer, H. Adam Malik General Hospital, Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.215}, author = {Kamal Basri Siregar and Barry Winaldy Siregar and Suyatno} }