@article {1991, title = {Development and Evaluation of Bio fabricated Silver Nanoparticles from Blumea lacera for In-vitro Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {266-278}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {266}, abstract = {

Background: Increasing prevalence of microbial resistance and side effects of currently available drugs compels the researchers to look for alternate therapies and formulations to overcome this problem. Plant based formulations have been proved to be most reliable agents in recent times. Objective: In the current study, bio fabricated herbal silver nanoparticles (HSNPs) were prepared by reducing silver nitrate (AgNO3) solution with ethyl acetate fractions (EAF) of Blumea lacera extracts. These bios conjugated HSNPs were then assessed for potential anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities along with in vitro antioxidant effect. Methods and Results: The synthesis was confirmed by absorbance peak at 441 nm due to surface plasmon resonance in UV-visible spectrophotometer. FTIR spectra of HSNPs indicated the phytochemicals having C-O bond responsible for reducing of Ag+ to Ago. Average size of HSNPs was found to be 59.21 nm which was in good agreement with TEM and SEM results. EDS analysis showed the existence of Silver, Nitrogen and Carbon in HSNPs. The antibacterial activity of HSNPs in terms of zone of inhibition (ZOI) via disc diffusion assay and against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was found to be 25.0{\textpm}1.19 mm and 18.3{\textpm}2.08 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of HSNPs was found to be 50 μg/ml and 60 μg/ml against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of the HSNPs was insignificant as compared to EAF but the results of anti-inflammatory activity was significant (p\<0.05). Conclusion: The overall result demonstrated better in-vitro pharmacological potential of HSNPs compared to neat extract/EAF. Key words: Green synthesis, Phytopharmaceuticals, Inflammation, Kukrounda, HPTLC.

}, keywords = {Green synthesis, HPTLC., Inflammation, Kukrounda, Phytopharmaceuticals}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.38}, author = {Tarkeshwar Dubey and Kancharla Bhanukiran and Kuna Das and Siva Hemalatha} } @article {406, title = {DNA Fingerprinting Profile and Quality Control Standardization of Folklore Medicinal Plant Exacum lawii}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {September 2017}, pages = {775-785}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {775}, abstract = {

Context and Aim: Exacum lawii (Gentianaceae) is bitter folk medicinal herb. The study deals with molecular investigation by DNA fingerprinting profile of Exacum lawii, quality control and phytochemical standardization of Exacum lawii. Methods: The DNA fingerprinting profile was performed by RAPD technique using 3 pairs of primers. The quality control standardization was done as per the WHO guidelines and official methods of AOAC. Phytochemical standardization employed quantitative estimations of phytoconstituents by spectrophotometric and identification using GCMS technique. The quantification of Swertiamerin and Ursolic acid in Exacum lawii was carried by HPLC. Results: Macroscopical and microscopical examination confirmed the diagnostic morphological and histological features. The content of vitamins, minerals and fatty acids were estimated. Physicochemical parameters obtained within the provided limits as per WHO. The phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract and its fraction revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and steroids Total phenolics (57.4mg/g tannic acid equivalent), total tannins (15.3 mg/gm), total flavonoids (51.4 mg/gm rutin equivalent), total flavonols (5.4 mg/gm) and carbohydrates (12.6 mg/gm D-fructose equivalent) content were estimated using spectroscopic techniques. The GC-MS data revealed 20 compounds. Swertiamerin and Ursolic acid content was 119.59 mg/gm and 5.34 mg/gm respectively. Conclusion: Present study provides the referential information to develop a monograph for quality control standardization of Exacum lawii.

Key words: Exacum lawii, DNA fingerprinting, Swertiamerin, Ursolic acid, GC-MS.

}, keywords = {DNA fingerprinting, Exacum lawii, GC-MS., Swertiamerin, Ursolic acid}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.6.122}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/175}, author = {Sonam Sharma and Siva Hemalatha} } @article {161, title = {Quality Control standardization of Wild Himalayan Pear: Pyrus pashia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {June/2016}, pages = {352-360}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {352}, abstract = {

Introduction: To establish the pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization parameters of Pyrus pashia fruits in order to ensure quality and safety of this traditionally acclaimed medicinal tree. Methods: The fresh fruits of P. pashia were collected and dried. Fruit was subjected to various pharmacognostical investigations, Extraction procedures, and preliminary phytochemical screening, according to WHO guidelines. Ethanolic extract was standardized to total phenolic and flavonoid content, followed by phytochemical quantification of P. pashia extract using lupeol as a chemical marker by HPLC method. Results: In the present study, microscopy of the fruit showed typical characteristics of berry, having thick fleshy pericarp differentiated into thin epicarp and thick mesocarp having wide radiating carpel chambers with one or two seeds attached in axile placentum. Further, physicochemical evaluation was done like, loss on drying, total ash value, acid insoluble ash value, water soluble ash value, fluorescence analysis etc. Heavy metal and pesticide residue analysis was also performed. Furthermore, ethanolic extract of Pyrus pashia (EPP) obtained from cold maceration and phytochemical screening of different fractions obtained by liquid partitioning revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites such as glycosides, steroids, triterpenoids, phenols flavonoids etc. Moreover, the total phenolic content and total analysis revealed that fruits are rich source of phenols and flavonoid. The HPLC chromatogram suggested that EPP contained 4.24\% w/w of lupeol. Conclusion: Pharmacognostical and phytochemical investigation will ensure quality and safety of this medicinal plant, furthermore HPLC quantification will aid in authentication and development of monograph.

}, keywords = {HPLC., Lupeol, Pyrus pashia, standardization, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.4.8}, author = {Siva Hemalatha and Priyanka Sharma and Satyendra Kuldip Prasad} } @article {1548, title = {Pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization of Houttuynia cordata Thunb.: A potent medicinal herb of North{\textendash}Eastern India and China}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {18th Feb,2014}, pages = {34-42}, type = {Original Article}, abstract = {

Aim:Houttuynia cordata Thunb. (Saururaceae) is one of the perennial herb indigenous to North-East India and China. Despite the popular utilization of this herb as medicine, still no study has been reported so far regarding the pharmacognostical standardization. Thus, the aim of the present study was to scientifically establish a standard monograph on the basis of pharmacognostical and phytochemical aspects. Methods: The quality control standardization of H. cordata was done as per the methods described in the World Health Organization guidelines (2002). Results: The diagnostic characters of the H. Cordata leaf and rhizome portion were evaluated based on the macroscopical and microscopical characters. Determination of various physicochemical parameters such as water soluble ash (1.12\% w/w), acid insoluble ash (4.02\% w/w), sulphated ash (3.15\% w/w), alcohol soluble extractive (12.8\% w/w), water soluble extractive (14.9\% w/w), loss on drying (3.42\% w/w) and crude fibres content (13.10\% w/w) was ascertained. Heavy metal, microbial load, fluorescence drug analysis, and preliminary phytochemical screening of different fractions were also carried out. Total phenols (45.74 mg/g tannic acid equivalent, TAE), tannins (33.29mg/g TAE), flavonoids (104.55 mg/g rutin equivalent, RE), and flavonols (17.16mg/g RE) were quantified from the ethanolic extract of the whole plant. Quantification of quercetin in the ethanolic extract was assessed by HPTLC analysis and was found to contain 4.39\%, w/w. Conclusion: The obtained qualitative and quantitative standards will provide referential information for correct identification and standardization of this medicinal plant.

Key Words: Houttuynia cordata, pharmacognosy, quercetin, HPTL.

}, keywords = {Houttuynia cordata, HPTLC, Pharmacognosy, Quercetin}, author = {Manish Kumar, and Satyendra K. Prasad, and Damiki Laloo, and Apurva Joshi, and Siva Hemalatha} } @article {1549, title = {Pharmacognostical and phytochemical standardization of the roots of Potentilla mooniana Wight}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {6}, year = {2014}, month = {18th Feb,2014}, pages = {70-79}, type = {Original Article}, abstract = {

Background:Potentilla mooniana Wight. (PM) (Family: Rosaceae) is a plant commonly grown at the higher altitudes (1500\–3660 meter) of the lower Asian continent and is traditionally used to treat gastric and mouth disorders. The present study was aimed to scientifically develop a standard monograph for PM on the basis of pharmacognostical and phytochemical aspects. Methods: Pharmacognostically the roots were analyzed following the standard parameters prescribed under WHO guidelines and Indian Herbal Pharmacopoeia. Results: Morphologically, the roots are cylindrical, dark brown and astringent to bitter in taste. Histologically, the root section showed the formation of secondary growth with wood formation and central lignified xylem vessels. Physicochemical standards quantified includes foreign organic matter (1.20\% w/w), loss on drying (9.66\% w/w), total ash (12.65\% w/w), acid insoluble ash (4.65\% w/w), water soluble ash (0.5\% w/w), alcohol soluble extractive (21.3\% w/w), water soluble extractive (14.6\% w/w), foaming index (142.85), swelling index (6.5), haemolytic index (37.77). Quantification of pesticide residue content and heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Zn and Hg was analyzed and were found to be present within the permissible limits. Powdered drug showed the presence of lignified xylem vessels with scalariform and spiral thickenings, tracheids, starch grains and fibres. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of phenolics, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, sugars, and amino acids. Quantification of phytoconstituents were also investigated such as phenolics (84.15mg/g tannic acid equivalent, TAE), tannins (65.31mg/g TAE), flavonoids (9.53mg/g rutin equivalent, RE), flavonols (2.01mg/g RE), saponins (20.75mg/g diosgenin equivalent, DE), sapogenins (15.4mg/g DE) and carbohydrates (56.8mg/g D\–fructose equivalent). TLC of the root extract was also analyzed in the present study. Conclusion: In conclusion, the diagnostic characters obtained from the roots of P. mooniana will provide beneficial information in identifying and comparing this plant from other closely related Potentilla species.

Key words:Potentilla mooniana, Pharmacognosy, phytochemical, polyphenolics, heavy metal.

}, keywords = {Heavy metals, Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical, Polyphenolics, Potentilla mooniana}, author = {Damiki Laloo, and Satyendra K. Prasad, and Manish Kumar, and Siva Hemalatha} }