@article {2443, title = {Comparison of Asiatic Acid and Dexamethasone Effect on Interleukin-4 Expression and Eosinophile Cell Count Following Strabismus Surgery: An Experimental Study in New Zealand Rabbit}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {December 2024}, pages = {1411-1417}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1411}, abstract = {

Introduction: Postoperative strabismus inflammation can lead to fibrotic tissue formation. Dexamethasone, while generally effective as an anti-inflammatory post-surgery medication, can increase IOP and blood sugar levels. Research on asiatic acid suggests its potential as an anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic agent. Methods: Superior rectus recession was conducted on 20 rabbits, which were divided into five groups based on the subconjunctival injection substance: aquadest, dexamethasone, asiatic acid at a concentration of 0.4 mg/0.5 mL, 0.8 mg/0.5 mL, and 1.6 mg/0.5 mL. After three days, exenteration was performed, and an immunohistochemical examination was performed to assess interleukin-4 expression. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to assess eosinophile cell count. SPSS 26.0 facilitated the data analysis using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney tests. P\<0.05 was considered significant statistically. Results: This study showed that interleukin-4 expression in the asiatic acid 0.4 mg/0.5 mL group was significantly decreased compared to the aquadest group (P = 0.029) and dexamethasone group (P = 0.029). Higher-dose groups did not exhibit a significant decrease. Dexamethasone also did not exhibit a significant decrease compare to aquadest. There was no significant reduction of eosinophile cell count among all groups. Conclusions: This study highlighted the potential of asiatic acid, particularly at the concentration of 0.4 mg/0.5 mL, in reducing the inflammatory response, specifically interleukin-4 expression, after strabismus surgery in New Zealand rabbits.

}, keywords = {Asiatic acid, Dexamethasone, Eosinophil, Interleukin-4, Strabismus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.227}, author = {Harris Kristanto Gunawan and Evelyn Komaratih and Rozalina Loebis and Djoko Agus Purwanto and Luki Indriaswati and Wimbo Sasono} } @article {2319, title = {Mechanism and Antifungal Activities Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Isolated from Patients Against Ethanol Extracts of Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke Stem Bark}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {June 2024}, pages = {684-688}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {684}, abstract = {

Introduction: Fungal diseases are not an exception to the current antibiotic resistance situation. Antimicrobial stewardship programs and high drug screening are two of the measures that are being used. Today, fungal infections are severe health problems. Utilizing plant-based natural compounds that are effective against various human pathogenic fungi is one method for preventing the issues associated with fungal infection. In this research, extracts are used as an option to treat patients with Candida albicans infection. The research aimed to examine the antifungal properties of an ethanol extract from Parameria laevigata (Juss.) Moldenke stem bark against C. albicans isolated from patients. Methods: This research used a microdilution method. C. albicans from patients diagnosed with vulvovaginal candidiasis. The test sample is 70\% and 96\% ethanol extracted from P. laevigata stem bark. Data analysis used One-way ANOVA with a P value of 0.000. Results: The result showed that PLE-70 can inhibit the growth of C. albicans with the highest \%inhibition for ATCC 14053, CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, and CP-4, respectively 36.39\%; 37.51\%; 38.66\%; 45.78\%; 84.87\%. PLE-96 can inhibit the growth of C. albicans with the highest \%inhibition for ATCC 14053, CP-1, CP-2, CP-3, and CP-4 respectively 17.49\%; 17.77\%; 29.27\%; 34.12\%; 38.42\%. Conclusion: It was concluded that the ethanol extract from P. laevigata stem bark can inhibit C. albicans isolated from vulvovaginal candidiasis patients.

}, keywords = {Candida albicans, Compound, Medicine, Microdilution method, Ultrasound Assisted Extraction}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.109}, author = {Wirda Anggraini and Djoko Agus Purwanto and Idha Kusumawati and Isnaeni} } @article {1984, title = {Influence of the Environment on Biofilm Formation Candida albicans of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Isolate Patient}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {March 2023}, pages = {216-222}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {216}, abstract = {

Context: Candida albicans is a type of fungus that can produce biofilms and may cause Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) disease. We investigated the effect of environment on biofilm formation of C. albicans patient isolates and ATCC 14053. Biofilm formation is influenced by several factors such as environments and nutrients. Objectives: To investigated the effect of environment on biofilm formation of C. albicans patient isolates and ATCC 14053. Methods: The samples using C. albicans ATCC 14053, C. albicans, which may form biofilms, was isolated from patient Dermatology and Venereology and Obstetrics and Gynecology from a hospital in Malang. TCP (A tissue Culture Plate) is the biofilm formation method used. Results: Biofilm formation took 48-72 hours at 25 {\textdegree}C and 96-120 hours at 37 {\textdegree}C. Based on the result biofilm formation of C. albicans is influenced by environmental factors and characterized by a high OD value. Conclusions: Biofilm formation is accelerated in temperature incubation needed at 25 {\textdegree}C for 48-72 hours, using biomass 107 CFU/mL, nutrition using Potato Dextrose Broth media and 1\% glucose, and the solvent of 30\% acetic acid to obtain acid condition.

}, keywords = {Biofilm formation; Candida albicans; sabourau dextrose broth; potato dextrose broth; vulvovaginal candidiasis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.32}, author = {Wirda Anggraini and Djoko Agus Purwanto and Idha Kusumawati and Isnaeni3, Suryanto} }