@article {2204, title = {Effects of Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage on Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Expression in the Subventricular Zone of Kaolin-Induced Hydrocephalic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {20-27}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {20}, abstract = {

Background: To determine the neuroprotective effect of CSF drainage by analyzing its impact on the expression and the ratio of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the subventricular zone in kaolininduced hydrocephalic rats. Method: Sprague-Dawley rats of 23 weeks of age (n=36) were used in this study. The rats were randomly divided into normal control, hydrocephalus, and CSF drainage-treated groups. Hydrocephalus was obtained by injecting 0,05 cc of 20\% kaolin suspension into the cisterna magna. The CSF drainage-treated group had ventricular tapping seven days after kaolin induction. The rats were sacrificed 7, 14, or 21 days after kaolin induction. The brain was removed and prepared for immunohistochemistry analysis to detect IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 cytokines expression. Results: Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was significantly increased in hydrocephalus groups than in the control group. In contrast, the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine was significantly decreased. CSF drainage had a neuroprotective effect by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. In the hydrocephalus group, the ratios of IL-1β/IL-10, IL-6/IL-10, and TNF-α/IL-10 increased toward a pro-inflammatory status. After CSF drainage, the ratios of IL-1β/IL-10, IL-6/IL-10, and TNF-α/IL-10 shifted toward an anti-inflammatory status. Conclusion: CSF drainage protects the brain from excessive neuroinflammatory processes in kaolin-induced hydrocephalic rats. Additional investigation is warranted to ascertain the use of inflammatory cytokines expression as a valuable biomarker for hydrocephalus. Furthermore, research on anti-inflammatory drug administration in clinical settings is required.

}, keywords = {cerebrospinal fluid drainage, Cytokines, Kaolin-induced hydrocephalus, Neuroinflammation, Neuroprotective, subventricular zone}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.3}, author = {Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi and Ahmad Data Dariansyah and Wihasto Suryaningtyas and Dyah Fauziah and I Ketut Sudiana and Budi Utomo and Prastiya Indra Gunawan} } @article {2136, title = {Hydrocephalus Mice Model: Choroid Plexus Aquaporin-1 Dynamics Following Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {891-896}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {891}, abstract = {

Background: Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of membrane proteins that act as channels for water, facilitating its movement across the plasma membrane of cells. Aquaporin1 (AQP1), located in the choroid plexus, is thought to be involved in the process of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the impact of hydrocephalus and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage on the expression of AQP1 in a mice model of hydrocephalus. Material and Methods: Laboratory experimental study with six groups. Five test groups, one control group, and a rat model of hydrocephalus caused by kaolin were used in the experiment. Results: Hydrocephalus in mice model induced by kaolin, and CSF drainage was performed on the 7th and 14th days group. Immunohistochemical analysis was conducted to examine the presence of AQP1 in the choroid plexus using microscopes. The findings revealed a noticeable decrease in AQP1 expression levels in the choroid plexus, which exhibited a semi-quantitative decline in correlation with the duration of hydrocephalus (p = 0.01). This decrease was observed when comparing the normal group with the hydrocephalus groups on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days following induction. However, after cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage, there was a significant increase in AQP1 expression (p \< 0.05). Conclusions: This study shows the significant role of AQP1 in CSF production by comparing of AQP1 expression in the choroid plexus of hydrocephalus mice model, with and without CSF drainage. AQP1 expression experiences downregulation in hydrocephalus mice model and upregulation after CSF drainage.

}, keywords = {AQP1, Aquaporin 1, Choroid plexus, Hydrocephalus.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.169}, author = {Yusuf Baktir and Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi and Wihasto Suryaningtyas and Dyah Fauziah and I Ketut Sudiana and Budi Utomo} } @article {1948, title = {Aquaporine 4 Expression on End Feet Astrocyte Before and After Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage of Hydrocephalus Mice Model}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {1054-1060}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {1054}, abstract = {

Background: Aquaporin (AQP) is a family of integral membrane proteins that function as water channels. AQP facilitates the transport of water across the plasma cell membrane. AQP lining the periventricular wall in the presence of edema may impair the function of the AQP to prevent or facilitate proper movement of water. Result: We analyze the effect of hydrocephalus and CSF drainage on the expression levels of aquaporin 4 (AQP4) end feet astrocytes in a hydrocephalus mice model. The test was carried out using a mice model of hydrocephalus induced with kaolin, then CSF drainage was performed on the 7th and 14th day, and compared the levels of AQP4 expression in each group. Data showed an increase in AQP4 excretion levels in astrocyte end feet along with the duration of hydrocephalus (p = 0.001) in comparison between hydrocephalus mice on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days. AQP4 before and after CSF drainage, comparison of the hydrocephalus group on day 21 with the group of mice undergoing CSF drainage (p\<0.05). The results showed that the CSF drainage treatment was proven to reduce the level of AQP4. Conclusion: This is the first study to describe immunohistochemical distribution of AQP4 after drainage hydrocephalus model in mice end feet astrocyte. The AQP4 expression and distribution in after drainage hydrocephalus model was comparable 14th and 21st day of hydrocephalus but 7 days after drainage. Larger studies are needed to substantiate the influence of breed and ageing on AQP4 expression after drainage of hydrocephalus model.

}, keywords = {AQP4., Aquaporin 4, CSF, Drainage, Hydrocephalus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.209}, author = {Mustaqim Apriyansa Rahmadhan and Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi and Wihasto Suryaningtyas and Dyah Fauziah and I Ketut Sudiana and Budi Utomo} } @article {1926, title = {Kaempferia galanga L. Extract Administration Attenuate Aquaporin-4 Expression in Traumatic Brain Injury: An Experimental Study in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {893-897}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {893}, abstract = {

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is still a major health problem in the world. It might cause long-term disability that affect socio-economic life and become nation health burden. Post-traumatic cerebral edema might develop and commit to an unfavorable prognosis. Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is water channel protein and a key regulator of water metabolism in the brain. Although the mechanism of AQP4 in the regulation of post-traumatic brain edema remains controversial, AQP4-lacking mice show better survival and decreased brain edema. Thus, novel strategies that suppress AQP4 become a potential field. We hypothesized that Kaempferia galanga L. may suppress brain expression of AQP4 following TBI and possibly limit the development of cerebral edema due to its neuroinflammation properties. Method: We conducted TBI to experimental rats, then given Kaempferia galanga L. extract at a dose of 600 mg/kg BW and 1200 mg/kg BW. Evaluation intensity of AQP4 expression by immunohistochemistry was performed 24 and 48 hours later to see its therapeutic effect. Results: Administration of Kaempferia galanga L. extract at a dose of 1200 mg/kg BW showed weak expression of AQP4 in all samples, both 24 and 48 hours following traumatic brain injury treatment. Conclusions: Intensity of AQP4 expression in rats{\textquoteright} brain was lower at 24 and 48 hours after TBI in rats receiving Kaempferia galanga L. extract with dose 1200 mg/ kg BW compared to the other groups. Our result indicates that Kaempferia galanga L. might affect the expression of brain AQP4 in a dose-dependent manner.

}, keywords = {Ayuverdic medicine, Neuroinflammation, Neurotrauma, Post-traumatic cerebral edema}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.185}, author = {Fajar Herbowo Niantiarno and Agus Turchan and Myrna Adianti and Budi Utomo and Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi and Abdul Hafid Bajamal} } @article {1932, title = {Relationship Histopathology Grading of Meningioma with the Use of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA) as A Hormonal Contraceptive}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {938-941}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {938}, abstract = {

Introduction: Meningioma is a common brain tumor with an incidence of more than 30\% of all primary brain tumors in adults. The incidence of meningiomas increases with increasing age, women suffer more from meningiomas with a ratio of 3:1. Meningiomas are known to have steroid receptors in the form of progesterone (88\%), estrogen (40\%), and androgen (40\%). Therefore, the use of hormonal therapy is suspected to affect the incidence and histopathological degree of meningioma. One of the widely used hormonal therapy is medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA). However, there is not enough literature to explain the relationship between MPA and the incidence of meningioma. Objective: To identify the relationship between the duration of the use of Medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) hormonal contraceptives and the histopathological degree of meningioma. Methods: This study is an analytic observational with a retrospective design of meningiomas patients based on the duration of use of MPAtype hormonal contraception who performed surgery at Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital during the period January 2015 to December 2019. We determined the inclusion criteria for meningioma patients: a history of using MPA hormonal contraceptives or 3-month injectable contraceptives; and the control group: meningioma patients without a history of hormonal contraception. Results: There were 452 cases of meningioma and 101 patients met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of statistical analysis, it was found that there was no difference relationship between the grade of meningioma and meningioma patients either using MPA or without using MPA. There was no difference in duration of use between the group using MPA \<10 years or more than 10 years with the non-hormonal control group on meningioma grading (p = 0.772). There was also no difference relationship between the group that did not use hormonal contraception and the MPA group on the age of the patient (p = 0.217), both using contraception for \<10 years and more than 10 years. Conclusion: There was no relationship found between histopathological degree of meningioma with the patients who use MPA contraceptives, both duration of use \<10 years and >=10 years compared with meningioma patients who do not use MPA contraception.

}, keywords = {Contraception, Grading, Hormonal contraceptive, Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Meningioma, MPA, Neoplasm., Progesterone}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.193}, author = {Shafhan Dustur and Joni Wahyuhadi and Budi Utomo and Muhammad Arifin Parenrengi and Abdul Hafid Bajamal and Sri Ratna Dwiningsih} }