@article {1810, title = {Pharmacobotany, Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-inflammatory effect of the Ethanolic Extract of Luffa operculata}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {622-628}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {622}, abstract = {

Background: Luffa operculata is a vegetable species well known in the traditional peruvian medicine for its many medicinal properties and cosmetic applications. Objective: The aim objective was to determine the pharmacognostic characteristics of L. operculata as well as observing the pharmacological effect of the ethanol extract of L. operculata fruit on chronic inflammation in rats. Materials and Method: Phytochemical analysis was carried out by using specific chemical reagents for each constituent chemical, the pharmacobotanical study was done with a histological tinction (fruit, steam and leaves), which were stained with Safranin 1\% and Toluidine blue 1\%; the chronical inflammation was assessed by air bag method in Holztman male rats. Doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/Kg were tested in order to determine the anti-inflammatory effect, which was demonstrated with histopathological evaluation and lymphocytes reduction. Results: The main findings indicate that the ethanolic extract presented saponins, alkaloids, carbohydrates, terpenes and steroids. The efficiency of lymphocyte reduction per field in the histopathological study of the granuloma was 58.4\% with the middle dose of 250 mg/kg (p \< 0.0001), which gives a dose-independent anti-inflammatory effect in rats. Conclusion: Luffa operculata presented anti-inflammatory effect at 250 mg/Kg by oral administration in a chronical experimental model of inflammation in rats.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory., Luffa operculata, Pharmacobotany, Saponins}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.80}, author = {Jorge Alejandro Arroyo-Sandoval and Manuel Jes{\'u}s Marin-Bravo and Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo and Hugo Jes{\'u}s Justil-Guerrero and Roberto Jes{\'u}s Ch{\'a}vez-Asmat and Josefa Bertha Pari-Olarte and Javier Hern{\'a}n Ch{\'a}vez-Espinoza and Jaime David Torres-L{\'e}vano and Eddie Loyola-Gonzales and Jos{\'e} Santiago Almeida-Galindo and Oscar Herrera-Calderon} } @article {1660, title = {Antioxidant Capacity of Chuquiraga Spinosa Less. "Huamanpinta" and Prevention of Carrageenan-Induced Inflammation in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {1287-1296}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1287}, abstract = {

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Chuquiraga spinosa extracts and prevention of carrageenan-induced inflammation in mice. Methodology: Experimental design: plant species, erythrocytes and male BALB C53 mice, were considered as biological material. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated in 50\%, 70\%, 96\% and aqueous ethanolic extracts by 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl reduction, malondialdehyde inhibition in oxidized erythrocytes with H2O2 and correlating with polyphenol content equivalent to gallic acid/gram dry extract. Inflammation was evaluated by inoculating carrageenan 2\% in "subcutaneous air bag" of mice: 1) White, 2) carrageenan, 3) dexamethasone 2 mg/kg, 4-6) ethanolic extract 70\% doses 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively; determining nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, total proteins, albumin, leukocytes in exudate and histological changes. Results: Alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, phenolic compounds, tannins, carbohydrates, triterpenes, steroids and sesquiterpene lactones were identified; aqueous extract presented greater reduction of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (CI50 = 58.99 μg/mL), ethanolic extract 70\% presented greater inhibition of malondialdehyde in erythrocytes (CI50 = 16.44 nm/mL); It was observed that the higher the amount of polyphenols, the greater the reduction of 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (r=-0.909) and the greater the inhibition of malondialdehyde (r=-0.781). With 500 mg/kg of 70\% ethanolic extract there was greater anti-inflammatory effect inhibiting malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, albumin, total proteins and leukocytes in 55.55\%, 81.92\%, 41.20\%, 31.51\% and 32.45\% (p\<0.01) respectively and less infiltration of leukocytes and lymphocytes in air sac membrane. Conclusion: The extracts of aerial parts of Chuquiraga spinosa showed antioxidant capacity correlated to polyphenol content. The 70\% ethanolic extract prevented inflammation in mice in a dosedependent manner.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Ethanolic extract, Leukocytes, Lipoperoxidation, Nitric oxide, Oxidative stress}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.163}, author = {Hugo Jes{\'u}s Justil-Guerrero and Jorge Luis Arroyo-Acevedo and Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas and Miriam Palomino- Pacheco and Magaly Villena-Tejada and Wilmer Atilio Segura V{\'\i}lchez} }