@article {2217, title = {Pharmacognostic Profile and Antidiabetic Activity of Eleutherine bulbosa Mills. Bulbs from East Kalimantan, Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {118-125}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {118}, abstract = {

Background: Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb., known as Bawang Dayak, is commonly found growing in Kalimantan, Indonesia. The characteristics of the environment in which the plant grows greatly influence the characteristics of the plant and its biological activity. Objective: This study aimed to determine the pharmacognostic profile and evaluate the antidiabetic activity of E. bulbosa bulb extract obtained from Kota Bangun, Kutai Kertanegara, Indonesia. Methods: The dried powdered of E. bulbosa bulbs was extracted using two different methods (maceration and microwave-assisted extraction). The evaluation of the sample fluorescence and non-specific parameters was done. The antidiabetic activity of the extracts was conducted using streptozocin-induced mice and histopathology analysis. Results: The fluorescence evaluation indicated various secondary metabolites contained in E. bulbosa simplicia. Non-specific parameters include drying loss (8.83{\textpm}0.2611\%), water content in simplicia (8.04{\textpm}0.7481\%), specific gravity (1.04{\textpm}0.0058\%), total ash content (20.3{\textpm}0.1583\%), acid insoluble ash content (1.70{\textpm}0.0608\%), ethanol content in extract (0.99{\textpm}0.0017\%), lead content (0.010 mg/g), cadmium (0.091 mg/g), Arsenic (0.0003 mg/g), aflatoxin (not detected), and mold/yeast (0.8 {\texttimes} 105 colonies/g) meet the established regulations. Meanwhile, the antidiabetic assay showed that both extracts decreased the blood glucose levels in mice during the 14 days of treatments in a dose-dependent manner. This activity is correlated with the increased repair of pancreatic beta cells as observed by histopathological analysis. Conclusion: The dried bulbs of E. bulbosa obtained from Kota Bangun, Kutai Kertanegara, East Kalimantan, Indonesia meet the standards set as raw materials for antidiabetic herbal medicines.

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic activity, Bawang Dayak, contaminant levels evaluation, Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb, pharmacognostic profile}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.16}, author = {Herman Herman and Arsyik Ibrahim and Junaidin Junaidin and M. Arifuddin and Baso Didik Hikmawan and Siska Siska and Tahyatul Bariroh and Reza Yuridian Purwoko and Lizma Febrina and Muhammad Faisal and Iswahyudi Iswahyudi and Marissa Angelina and Erwin Samsul and Laode Rijai and Islamudin Ahmad} } @article {1674, title = {Cytotoxic Activity of Peronema canescens Jack Leaves on Human Cells: HT-29 and Primary Adenocarcinoma Colon Cancer}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1389-1396}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1389}, abstract = {

Background: In Indonesia, this species was well known in Sumatera, Kalimantan, Java, and Sulawesi. Peronema canescens Jack (Sungkai) was traditionally used as an anti-flatulent, fever, toothache. Sungkai leaves contain many secondary metabolites with potential anticancer activity. The reported anticancer research was still limited to the cytotoxic activity of chloroform extract on the HT-29 colon cancer cell line. However, it was necessary to uncover the underlying mechanism. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism (such as cell cycle inhibition, induces cells apoptosis, and necrosis) of subfraction chloroform (SF3) from P. canescens extract has anticancer activity on HT-29 cells and primary Adenocarcinoma (AdenoCa pT3N1cM1) colon cancer cells. Materials and Methods: The extraction by maceration method using methanol solvent, the fractionation process was using vacuum column chromatography (VCC) with polarity gradient eluent. The cytotoxicity of SF3 was measured by MTT assay. The cell cycle inhibition, apoptosis induction, and necrosis cells were evaluated with the Flow cytometry method. Results: Cytotoxicity value (IC50) against AdenoCa cells was 1.897 μg/ml. The inhibition activity of synthesis and mitosis phase in cell cycle demonstrated that the different concentrations of SF3 have inhibition activity on HT-29 (29.614 μg/ml) of 26.79\% and 0.16\%, AdenoCa cells (14.807 μg/ml) of 10.27\% and 19.29\%, respectively. For induced apoptosis activity on HT-29 (29.614 μg/ml) and AdenoCa cells (14.807 μg/ml) were 26.58\% and 11.50\%, successively. Whereas, necrosis activity on HT-29 (29.614 μg/ ml) and AdenoCa cells (14.807 μg/ml) were 0.02\%, and 9.56\%, respectively. Conclusion: The subfractions chloroform (SF3) of P. canescens extract has potential activity on HT-29 and Adenocarcinoma cells through cell cycle inhibition, induces apoptosis and necrosis cells.

}, keywords = {Apoptosis, Cell cycle, Colon cancer cells, Necrosis, Peronema canescens Jack}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.176}, author = {Arsyik Ibrahim and Siswandono and Bambang Prajogo EW} } @article {1639, title = {Single Factor Effect of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvent Citric Acid-Glucose Based Microwave-Assisted Extraction on Total Polyphenols Content from Mitragyna speciosa Korth. Havil Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {1109-1115}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1109}, abstract = {

Applying green chemistry principles in the exploration of an active secondary metabolite from natural products has continued to experience a significant increase in the last decade, mainly natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) usage. Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil (Rubiaceae family) is a native of East Kalimantan, which is traditionally used as an herb to treat headaches and inflammation by drinking boiled water a few leaves. On the other hand, this plant has an addictive effect. This study aims to determine the single factor effect of NADES citric acid{\textendash}glucose-based microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) to obtain the yield of total polyphenols content (TPC) from M. speciosa leaves. Dried powder of M. speciosa leaves was extracted using NADES citric acid-glucose based MAE method with some different conditions such as NADES (citric acid-glucose) ratio (4:1, 5:1, 6:1 g/g), solid-liquid ratio (10:1, 15:1, 20:1 mL/g), microwave power (90, 270, 450 Watts), and extraction time (15, 20, 25 min). The determination of TPC was performed using Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and gallic acid as a standard with different concentration levels. The absorbance measured using spectrophotometer UV-VIS at 746 nm to obtain a regression formula of Y = 0.0022X{\textendash}0.00095, where R2 = 0.9977. Based on the result, the best of single factor condition effect was obtained the TPC value including NADES ratio of 248.69 mg GAE/g sample (5:1 g/g citric acid-glucose), a solid-liquid ratio of 146.93 mg GAE/g sample (15:1 mL/g solvent-sample), microwave power of 192.20 mg GAE/g sample (270 Watts), and extraction time of 358.59 mg GAE/g sample (15 min). The single factor effect of NADES citric acid-glucose-based MAE shows a difference in TPC value based on various conditions of this method.

}, keywords = {Citric acid-glucose, Microwave-assisted extraction, Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil, Natural deep eutectic solvent, Total polyphenols content}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.143}, author = {Herman and Arsyik Ibrahim and Bakti Puji Rahayu and M Arifuddin and Yuspian Nur and Wisnu Cahyo Prabowo and Maryono and Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati and Laode Rijai and Islamudin Ahmad} }