@article {1704, title = {Alterations in Body Weight, Blood Glucose Levels, and Lipid Profiles in High-Fat Diet-Low Dose Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1562-1567}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1562}, abstract = {

Introduction: New preventive and therapeutic strategies to treat Type 2 diabetes (T2D) continue to be pursued, the complexity of this disease makes it imperative to establish preclinical animal models which must provide accurate similarities to the pathogenesis of diabetes in humans. Making a diabetic animal model using rats with high-fat diet (HFD)-streptozotocin (STZ) induction is popular because it is relatively low cost and simple. Objectives: This study aims to analyse the changes in body weight, blood glucose, and lipid profiles that occur in diabetic rat models created by induction of HFD in combination with lowdose STZ. Methods: This study used forty male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-240 g). After the adaptation period, thirty rats were fed with HFD for 28 days (DM group), while the other ten rats continued to be fed with standard feed (NC group). After then, diabetes was induced to the DM group by low-dose STZ (35 mg/kg BW). The body weight of the rats was measured before and after diet manipulation periods. Blood samples were taken before and after STZ induction to determine lipid profiles and blood glucose levels. Results: During the diet manipulation period, the HFD group experienced a significantly greater weight gain, higher blood glucose levels, and cholesterol (TC) levels. After STZ injection, rats{\textquoteright} blood glucose levels, TC, and triglycerides significantly increased. Conclusion: HFD feeding combined with a low-dose STZ effectively work to mimic specific condition that is similar to T2D, and the stability of the experimental animal conditions remains constant for up to 6 weeks.

}, keywords = {Diabetes, Diabetic animal model, High-fat diet, Insulin resistance, Low-dose streptozotocin, Stable diabetes type 2 profile.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.199}, author = {Raysa Y. Pratiwi and Berna Elya and Heri Setiawan and Atini Solawati and Rosmalena} } @article {1609, title = {Phytochemical Constituents and In vitro Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Properties of Various Extracts of Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus) Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {890-895}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {890}, abstract = {

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common degenerative disorders. For therapeutic use, herbs are commonly used in Indonesia for T2DM treatment, one of them is (Cosmos caudatus) kenikir{\textquoteright}s leaves. In previous studies, kenikir{\textquoteright}s leaves have high antidiabetic and antioxidant activity. However, a comparison of antidiabetic activity from many extracts of kenikir{\textquoteright}s leave is remain unclear. This study will compare the antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of various kenikir{\textquoteright}s leave extract. Kenikir{\textquoteright}s leaves are extracted by maceration methods for three days using three different solvents: boiling water, 50\% ethanol, dan ethanol 100\%. Then, phenolic and flavonoid content will be measured, as well as antioxidant properties by DPPH radical scavenging activity assay, and antidiabetic properties by α-glucosidase inhibition assay, also LCMS/MS will be used to predict the compound from each extract. The result shows that 50\% ethanol extract has highest phenolic and flavonoid content than others. It also has significantly higher antioxidant (p\<0.05) and antidiabetic (p\<0.05) properties than others. Meanwhile, LCMS/MS result of 50\% ethanol extract predicts 6 chemical component, that quercetin is the most dominant compound. 50\% ethanol extract of kenikir{\textquoteright}s leaves is superior from other extracts on phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant properties, and antidiabetic properties.

}, keywords = {α-glucosidase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.114}, author = {Muhamad Dea Firdaus and Nina Artanti and Muhammad Hanafi and Rosmalena} } @article {1619, title = {Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities Evaluation of Origanum vulgare (L.) Stem Bark Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {965-970}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {965}, abstract = {

The present study aimed to evaluate phytochemical and antioxidant activity (in vitro and in vivo) of Origanum vulgare (L.) ethanolic extract. The phytochemical test was assessed using the Clule method in ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity was determined by radical scavenging assay using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) as an artificial free radical activity. In vivo test was conducted to evaluate the effect of malondialdehyde (MDA) level in blood plasma during maximum physical activity treatment. In vivo test was done using 25 male Sprague Dawley rats in pre and post-test control group design. The phytochemical test of O. vulgare ethanol extract was showed some compounds, such as a flavonoid, alkaloid, triterpenoid/steroid, essential oil, and tannin, then in ethyl acetate and hexane. In vitro assay showed that O. vulgare extract has strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 133.47 μg/mL. While in the in vivo test, the most effective dosage is 20 mg/200 gr B.W., represented by a significant decrease of MDA level (0.509 nmol/mL) before and after treatment. So, the ethanolic extract of clove has potency as an herbal antioxidant because of the low level of IC50 and can decrease the MDA level.

}, keywords = {2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, antioxidant activity, Malondialdehyde, Origanum vulgare (L.), Phytochemical}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.124}, author = {Rosmalena and Putu Ayu Widyastuti and Fatmawaty Yazid and Neneng Siti Silfi Ambarwati and Islamudin Ahmad} }