@article {1771, title = {Evaluation of Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from CAPSICUM ANNUUM L. and ALLIUM CEPA L.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {329-334}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {329}, abstract = {

Objective: The aims of this study were to identify the endophytic fungi from Capsicum annuum L. and Allium cepa L., to determine antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi isolated from C. annuum and A. cepa. Methods: Endophytic fungi was isolated with potato dextrose agar (PDA) from fruits of C. annuumand bulbs of A. cepa. Isolate of endophytic fungi was molecular identified to know the species or genus. Cultivation was carried out on rice media, 4 weeks on room temperature and the extraction by maceration using ethyl acetate. Antioxidant activity were tested by DPPH method. While antibacterial activity was tested by disk diffusion methods and microdilution methods. Results: Five isolates of endophytic fungi from red and green fruits of C. annuum and bulb of A. cepa have been isolated and the species or the genus have been confirmed. KCM 1 and KCM 2 isolates endophytic fungi from the red fruits of C. annuum were confirmed as Diaporthe sp and Chaetomium globosum. The KCH 1 isolate from green fruits of the C. annuum was confirmed as Trametes hirsuta. The KBM 1 and KBM 2 isolates from A. cepa were confirmed as Schizophyllum commune and Phlebia sp. The highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity was exposed by ethyl acetate extract of S. commune. Conclusion: Five isolates endophytic fungi from C. annuum and A. cepa were Diaporthe sp, C. globosum, T. hirsuta, S. commune and Phlebia sp. Ethyl acetate extract of S.commune gave highest antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial, Chaetomium globosum, Endophytic fungus, Onion, Red chili, Schizophyllum commune}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.42}, author = {SYLVIA RIZKY PRIMA and ELFAHMI and ELIN JULIANTI and Irda Fidrianny} } @article {1814, title = {Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.): Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {633-640}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {633}, abstract = {

Introduction: Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.), is an evergreen of the Guttiferae family that carries antioxidant activity. Objectives: to examine the antioxidant activity of the leaves, branches and rinds of the mangosteen using DPPH and CUPRAC methods, total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), analyze the correlation between TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity, the correlation between two methods, and found the levels of flavonoid compounds. Methods: Extraction was performed by reflux method using solvents with graded polarity, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. Determination of antioxidant activity with DPPH and CUPRAC, TPC and TFC were performed by UV-visible spectrophotometer. The correlation between TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity of DPPH and CUPRAC as well as the correlation between two methods were conducted by Pearson{\textquoteright}s method. The level of flavonoid compounds was performed by HPLC. Results: Mangosteen leaves, branches and rinds extracts had antioxidant activity of DPPH in the range of 39.920 {\textendash} 489.708 mg AAE/g and antioxidant activity of CUPRAC in the range of 116.360 {\textendash} 570.400 mg AAE/g. The highest TPC was given by the ethanol leaves extract (49.525 {\textpm} 4.263 g GAE/100 g) and the highest TFC was given by the n-hexane rinds extract (13.859 {\textpm} 1.451 g QE/100 g). The ethanol rinds extract contained rutin 0.0327\% and kaempferol 0.0049\%. Conclusions: TPC and TFC correlated positive and significant with the value of antioxidant activity, except for the n-hexane leaves extract using the DPPH method. The DPPH and CUPRAC methods gave linear results in determining the antioxidant activity of mangosteen extracts.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Branches, CUPRAC., DPPH, Leaves, Mangosteen, Rinds}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.82}, author = {Defri Rizaldy and Nisrina Khairunnisa Ramadhita and Trishna Nadhifa and Irda Fidrianny} } @article {1620, title = {Evaluation of Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory and Antioxidant Activities of Three Organs of Idat (Cratoxylum glaucum Korth.) and Correlation with Phytochemical Cont}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {971-976}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {971}, abstract = {

Introduction: Idat (Cratoxylum glaucum Korth.), belonging to the genus Cratoxylum, is known to contain xanthone, quinone, flavonoids, and other phenolic compounds. Objectives: to analyze total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant activity, and inhibitory xanthine oxidase activities of leaves, stem, and cortex of idat. Methods: Extraction of leaves, stem, and cortex of idat was carried out by reflux using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol as a solvent. Antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH method and calculated to get the antioxidant activity index (AAI). Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid levels by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. Results: Spectrophotometers measured the inhibitory activity on xanthine oxidase in 96-well plates with allopurinol as standard. Total phenolic and flavonoid content from C. glaucum extracts varied from 6.62 to 48.77 g GAE/g extract and 1.54 - 25.96 g QE/100 g extract, respectively. The ethanol extracts of leaves, stem, and cortex were very strong antioxidant activity with Antioxidant Activity Index (AAI) values 3.89; 4.55; 10.50, meanwhile AAI of ascorbic acid and quercetin 9.46 and 14.81 respectively. The n-hexane of stem extract had a strong xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity with the IC50 was 36.64 μg/ml, while allopurinol was 5.02 μg/ml. Conclusions: Total phenolic content contributed to antioxidant activity. Phenolic compounds in leaves extracts led to the xanthine oxidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities. The extract of C. glaucum was active as an antioxidant and potentially an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase agents.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Cratoxylum glaucum, Xanthine oxidase inhibitory}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.125}, author = {Dadang Juanda and Irda Fidrianny and Komar Ruslan Wirasutisna and Muhamad Insanu} } @article {1396, title = {Pharmacological Activities and Phytochemical Compounds: Overview of Pouteria Genus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {577-584}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {577}, abstract = {

Species of Pouteria are widely spread in various countries. Pouteria is one of the genus that have diverse pharmacological activities. This review includes an overview of the species from Pouteria, phytochemical methods used in isolation of compounds from Pouteria, and their pharmacological activities. The trends in the pharmacological activity of Pouteria is antioxidant activity, antidiabetic and antimicrobial activities. However, information on its use as a traditional medicine from Pouteria was poor. Chemical compounds that have been widely isolated from Pouteria genus included phenolic acid, other phenolics non flavonoid, flavonoids, and terpenoids derivative. The most widely reported chemical compounds from Pouteria are terpenoid derivatives. Further research is needed for the mechanism of action based on the pharmacological activites of chemical compounds.

}, keywords = {Pharmacological activities, Phytochemical compound, Pouteria genus}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.72}, author = {Sani Nurlaela Fitriansyah and Irda Fidrianny and Rika Hartati} } @article {1694, title = {Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Boehmeria Genus: An Update Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1533-1541}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1533}, abstract = {

Introduction: Boehmeria is a genus that has the potential to be natural medicine and also has benefit in industry. This genus consists of 82 plants that includes numerous species, subspecies, and varieties. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of chemical and pharmacological characteristics of Boehmeria genus based on research studies. Methods: The reference articles have DOI and were obtained through database from such as Science Direct and PubMed website to ensure their validity and reliable contents. This literature study was made by using minimum 50 literatures from the last 10 years. Results: There are 16 species of Boehmeria genus confirmed to have chemical compounds, and 9 species of which reported to exhibit pharmacological activity in the form of extracts and single compound isolates. Conclusion: Based on this study, it was known that some Boehmeria species contained abundance of Boehmeriasin A, boehmeriasin B, chlorogenic acid, epicatechin, (Z)-9,10,11-trihydroxy-12 octadecenoic acid, catechin, β-sitosterol, rutin, luteolin-7-glucoside, naringin and hesperidin. Boehmeria genus had various activities such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-hepatitis B.

}, keywords = {Anticancer, Biological activities, Boehmeria, Boehmeriasin, Chemical compound}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.195}, author = {Muhammad Ikhlas Arsul and Muhamad Insanu and Irda Fidrianny} }