@article {2358, title = {Combination Bitter, Ginger, Turmeric Extract in Mice: Acute and Sub Acute Toxicity Analysis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {916-922}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {916}, abstract = {

Herbal plants are widely used as traditional medicine for generations. Some of them are bitter, in Indonesian called Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), red ginger in Indonesian called Jahe merah (Zingiber officinale var rubrum), and turmeric in Indonesian called Kunyit (Curcuma domestica). This study tested extracts containing a combination of three ingredients, hereinafter named {\textquoteright}SIJAKUN{\textquoteright} extract (SambIloto, JAhe, KUNyit){\textquotedblright}. This combination has good benefits for the body, especially as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. This study aims to measure the acute and subacute toxic effects of {\textquoteright}SIJAKUN{\textquoteright} extract. This is a true experimental study. In the acute toxicity study, the SIJAKUN extract was given to 5 groups of mice a doses of 1000 mg/kg, 2,000 mg/kg, 3,000 mg/kg, 4,000 mg/kg, and 5,000 mg/kg. After being observed for 24 hours, the number of dead mice from each group was counted to calculate the LD50 of the {\textquoteright}SIJAKUN{\textquoteright} extract. Whereas in subacute toxicity, 5 groups of mice were given 0.5 ml of CMCNa solution, {\textquoteright}SIJAKUN{\textquoteright} extract at doses of 25 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 25 mg/kg ibuprofen, the test substance was given orally once daily for 28 days. Then an examination was carried out: SGOT, SGPT, BUN, and serum creatinine. the results of subsequent examinations were analyzed statistically. To assess the safety of the SIJAKUN combination, it is necessary to conduct research to determine the acute and sub acut toxicity of SIJAKUN to the liver and kidneys. Based on the results of acut toxixity study conducted, no experimental animals died at one dose of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kgbb {\textquoteleft}SIJAKUN{\textquoteright} extract. Based on these results, the LD50 of {\textquoteright}SIJAKUN{\textquoteright} extract was above 5000 mg/kgbb. Therefore, it can be said that {\textquoteright}SIJAKUN{\textquoteright} extract is a non-toxic compound. In the subacute toxicity study, examination result of SGOT, SGPT, BUN, and serum creatinin was not change significantly, with P value \> 0.05. This result indicating no significant difference between the control group and the treatment group. It can be said that the sub-acute toxicity test found that {\textquoteright}SIJAKUN{\textquoteright} extract did not toxic for liver and kidney. In acute and subacute toxicity studies that has been carried out, {\textquoteright}SIJAKUN{\textquoteright} extract was classified as a non-toxic compound, so it is safe to use as herbal medicine.

}, keywords = {Acute and Sub Acute Toxicity, Ginger, LD50., SIJAKUN (bitter, turmeric)}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.148}, author = {Handayani H. and Renny Novi P. and Andik Ferdiantoro and Afira Febriani S. W. and Rifky Dwi Aditya Iryawan and Diaz Syafrie A. and Rahadian Zainul and Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori and Mochammad Aqilah Herdiansyah} } @article {2341, title = {In Silico Gene Transcription of 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid from Broccoli Fruit (Brassica oleracea var. italica) with Estrogen Receptor Beta Protein}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {August 2024}, pages = {791-796}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {791}, abstract = {

This study aims to explore the relationship between 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid, a compound found in broccoli fruit (Brassica oleracea var. italica), and Estrogen Receptor Beta Protein through in silico analysis. The research was conducted using Pymol, MOE 2015, Discovery Studio 2016, and Lepinski Rule software. These tools were employed to model the structure of both the compound and protein, as well as to evaluate their interaction. The results revealed a significant interaction with a Binding Affinity of -6.4182. Moreover, the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) measurements yielded a value of 3.8907, indicating the degree of agreement between the compound and protein structures. Analysis using the Lepinski Rule disclosed the characteristics of the compound 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid, including a mass of 164, two hydrogen bond donors, three hydrogen bond acceptors, a log P value of 1.490, and a molar reactivity of 44.776. These findings provide valuable insights into the potential of 4-Hydroxycinnamic Acid in interacting with Estrogen Receptor Beta Protein, which could serve as a foundation for further research on the health benefits and therapeutic applications of this compound, contributing to the goal of good health and well-being.

}, keywords = {Brassica oleracea var. italica, good health and well-being., in silico, molecular interaction}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.131}, author = {Rahadian Zainul and Dheo Shalsabilla Novel and Herland Satriawan and Khang Wen Goh and Vikash Jakhmola and Maksim Rebezov and Sri Suwarni and Ria Septiana and Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori and Mochammad Aqilah Herdiansyah and Anni Faridah} } @article {1808, title = {In Silico Phytochemical Compounds Screening of Allium sativum Targeting the Mpro of SARS-CoV-2}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {604-609}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {604}, abstract = {

The global pandemic of coronavirus disease is still widely spread across the world causing catastrophic effect in both human life and global economy. By the end of year 2021, it has caused a total of 5.437.636 deaths across the world. Indonesia has rich plant biodiversity including medicinal plants that may be used for combating the virus. One of the commonly used medicinal plants comes from Allium species and it has been proved to have antiviral activity. Conducting an in silico study, we screened bioactive compounds that came from Allium sativum to fight against coronavirus through the inhibition of 3CL-Pro, one of the major protease that have an active role for viral replication. Molecular docking of compounds from Allium sativum to 3CL-Pro resulting in the discovery of 5 compounds that have the best binding affinity to 3CL-Pro, which are squalene, 1,4-dihydro-2,3-benzoxathiin 3-oxide, 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester, trans-13-octadecenoic acid and methyl-11-hexadecenoate with binding affinity of -7, -6.5, -5.9, -5.7 and -5.6 kcal/mol, respectively. It is very likely that these compounds can be candidates for therapeutic agents and these candidates need to be studied further.

}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.78}, author = {Priscilla Listiyani and Viol Dhea Kharisma and Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori and Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda and Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati and Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo and Dora Dayu Rahma Turista and Md. Emdad Ullah and Vikash Jakhmola and Rahadian Zainul} } @article {1812, title = {Potential Roles of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) as Antimetabolic Syndrome: A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {710-714}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {710}, abstract = {

The number of cases of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is part of the metabolic syndrome case. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a plant that has been clinically tested and has the potential to prevent and treat metabolic syndrome as well as pathogenic and pathophysiological activities that cause disease. The aim of this study is to discuss and conclude information regarding the activity and use of purslane (P. oleracea) as an antimetabolic. This review article is based on scientific publications found on Google Scholar and PubMed databases using the keywords of {\textquotedblleft}Portulaca obesity{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Portulaca overweight{\textquotedblright}, {\textquotedblleft}Portulaca dyslipidemia{\textquotedblright}, and {\textquotedblleft}Portulaca metabolic syndrome{\textquotedblright}. This plant acts on numerous pathways in the metabolic syndrome such as reduction of lipids, blood sugar, body weight and total cholesterol. Purslane (P. oleracea) can be used as a candidate for a new herbal plant as an anti-metabolic syndrome.

}, keywords = {Body weight, Insulin resistance, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity., Portulaca oleracea}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.90}, author = {Nur Sofiatul Aini and Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori and Viol Dhea Kharisma and Muhammad Farraz Syadzha and Muhammad Hermawan Widyananda and Ahmad Affan Ali Murtadlo and Rasyadan Taufiq Probojati and Md. Emdad Ullah and Sin War Naw and Vikash Jakhmola and Rahadian Zainul} } @article {1634, title = {Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles of Mango Ginger (Curcuma mangga) Extract: Phytochemical Screening, Formulation, Characterization, and Antioxidant Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {September 2021}, pages = {1065-1071}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1065}, abstract = {

Introduction: Mango ginger (Curcuma mangga) is one of Indonesia{\textquoteright}s medicinal plants widely used in most communities as a lust booster and for detoxifying purposes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to synthesize chitosan-tripolyphosphate nanoparticles from mango ginger extract, determine their chemical contents, the nano chitosan characteristics, and its antioxidant activity. Methods: In this study, we macerated mango ginger using 70\% ethanol solvent, then performed phytochemical test and formulation of chitosan nanoparticles of mango ginger extract. The group of secondary metabolites that showed positive results with the reagent test was further identified through TLC. Results: The results showed that the extract contained flavonoids and triterpenoids. Also, characterization of chitosan nanoparticles from the extract was conducted with FTIR test, PSA, XRD, and SEM. Based on the results, the nano chitosan particle size was 993 nm and examination with FTIR showed the presence of N-H and P=O groups, indicating ammonium ion interaction from chitosan with the polyanion from TPP and Mango ginger. Additionally, the XRD results showed that the crystals formed were in an amorphous form, which was supported by particle morphology images from SEM. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed very strong antioxidant activity based on the reaction with DPPH. Conclusion: Based on these results, the phytochemical identification of mango ginger extract showed positive results in flavonoid and triterpenoid compounds. In addition, based on the characterization of the nanoparticles, the mango ginger extract showed positive results, illustrating that the nano chitosan synthesis was successful. Furthermore, the nano chitosan has a very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 18.08 μg/mL.

}, keywords = {Chemical identification, Chitosan, Mango ginger, Nanoparticles, TPP}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.138}, author = {Bayyinatul Muchtaromah and Didik Wahyudi and Mujahidin Ahmad and Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori and Rahmi Annisa and Lil Hanifah} } @article {1382, title = {Novel Antiviral Investigation of Annona squamosa Leaf Extract against the Dengue Virus Type-2: In vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {456-462}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {456}, abstract = {

Introduction: Dengue virus (DENV) infection is general mosquito-transmitted viral taint. It can lead to the dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Dengue is a solemn illness with no endowed antiviral medication or recognized vaccine. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the activity of Annona squamosa leaf extract (ASLE) against dengue virus type-2 (DENV-2) isolated from Surabaya, Indonesia in 2013 (NCBI accession number: KT012509). Methods: In this study, the antiviral activity of ASLE was evaluated against DENV- 2 in Vero cells using Viral ToxGlo{\texttrademark} Assay. In addition, we used CellTiter-Glo{\textregistered} Luminescent Cell Viability Assay to set the amount of viable cells in culture based on quantitation of the ATP. Results: DENV-2 replication inhibited by ASLE in Vero cells with IC50 = 73.78 μg/mL and SI = 4.49 when cells were treated two days after virus infection, whereas its CC50 for cytotoxicity to Vero cells was 331.54 μg/mL. Interestingly, this is the first report on the investigation of ASLE against DENV-2. Conclusion: In summary, ASLE demonstrated the antiviral activity against DENV-2 with less toxicity, and high possibility as a drug candidate. Therefore, it might be suggested for in vivo assessment in the progress of a potent antiviral against DENV-2.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, Antiviral activity, DENV-2, Vero cells}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.58}, author = {Arif Nur Muhammad Ansori and Amaq Fadholly and Annise Proboningrat and Yulanda Antonius and Suhailah Hayaza and Raden Joko Kuncoroningrat Susilo and Bilqis Inayatillah and Mada Triandala Sibero and Sin War Naw and Gabrielle Ann Villar Posa and Teguh Hari Sucipto and Soegen Soegijanto} }