@article {1160, title = {The Alkaloid Fraction from Melicope latifolia Leaves Inhibits Hepatitis C Virus}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {May 2020}, pages = {535-540 }, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {535}, abstract = {

Introduction: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a major health problem, which infects approximately 170 million people among worldwide population. Moreover, there is no vaccine available to prevent HCV infection and the current anti-HCV drugs have not covered all the various genotypes and subtypes. Meanwhile, medicinal plants have been widely used to treat a variety of infectious disease. Our previous study reported that ethanol extract of Melicope latifolia has been shown to exert anti-HCV activity towards a number of different virus genotypes with mainly inhibition mechanism at the entry step. Further separation was needed to purify and identify the active anti-HCV constituent using bioactivity-guided isolation method. Materials and Methods: In vitro Anti-HCV assay was performed using hepatocyte cell line (Huh7it) and HCV genotype 2a (JFH1). The purification of M. latifolia ethanol extract (B1F) was done by liquid-liquid fractionation, vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The active fraction was further identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and the major constituent was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra data analysis. Results: The fractionation of M. latifolia leaves ethanol extract resulted an alkaloid fraction (B1F D2H.3) containing a major constituent N-methylflindersine. This alkaloid fraction was active to reduce HCV JFH1 with an inhibition concentration (IC50) value of 6.21 {\textmu}g/mL, a cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) value of 82.64 {\textmu}g/mL, and a selectivity index value of 13.31. Conclusion: An alkaloid fraction of M. latifolia (B1F D2H.3) was known to have major compound named N-methylflindersine. This alkaloid fraction exhibited strong anti-HCV against JFH1 in vitro. The results indicated that this alkaloid fraction may a good candidate for anti-HCV agent.

}, keywords = {Anti-HCV, Melicope latifolia, N-methylflindersine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.81 }, author = {Dwi Susiloningrum and Adita Ayu Permanasari and Myrna Adianti and Lidya Tumewu and Tutik Sri Wahyuni and Mulyadi Tanjung and Aty Widyawaruyanti and Achmad Fuad Hafid} } @article {1184, title = {Antimalarial Activity of Flavonoid Compound Isolated from Leaves of Artocarpus altilis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {835-842}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {835}, abstract = {

Introduction: Artocarpus altilis leaves extract has previously been reported as a potential antimalarial drug. Inhibition concentration (IC50) against P. falciparum and effective dose values (ED50) against P. berghei have been reported at 1.32 μg/ml and 0.82 mg/kg, respectively. The aim of this study is to identify the active compound from the ethanol extract of A. Altilis leaves against P. falciparum. Materials and Methods: The isolation of the active compound from the ethanol extract of A. altilis were conducted using chromatography methods, and the chemical structure of the isolated compounds was determined based on NMR and MS spectra data. Antimalarial assay was determined using microscopic method against P. falciparum 3D7 and molecular docking studies was performed using Molegro Virtual Docker version 5.5 program. Results: A flavonoid compound, class of dihydrochalcone was finally isolated from A. altilis and identified as 1-(2,4-dihydroxy phenyl)-3-[8-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-(4-methyl-3- pentenyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-5-yl]-1-propanone (Compound-1). Antimalarial activity test revealed that the compound strongly inhibited P. falciparum growth, with IC50 value of 1.05 μM. An in silico study to determine the mechanism of action of the compound revealed the existence a 3.BPF receptor that possesses a cysteine protease inhibitor of falcipain-2. Conclusion: Compound-1 were isolated from the leaves of A. Altilis is a good candidate of new source in the development of antimalarial drugs. An animal study using this compound is recommended before a clinical trial.

}, keywords = {Artocarpus altilis, Cysteine protease inhibitor, Dihydrochalcones, P. falciparum 3D7}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.120}, author = {Agriana Rosmalina Hidayati and Aty Widyawaruyanti and Hilkatul Ilmi and Mulyadi Tanjung and Tri Widiandani and Siswandono and Din Syafruddin and Achmad Fuad Hafid} }