@article {1882, title = {Antioxidants, Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Content and Toxicity Assay of Ampelas (Tetracera macrophylla Wall.Ex Hook.F.\& Thoms) From Kalimantan-Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {642-648}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {642-648}, abstract = {

Background: High Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) contribute to disease pathogenesis. Phenolic compounds and flavonoids are effective as antioxidants. Objective: This research aimed to measure the antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid content and leaf toxicity of Tetracera macrophylla. Methods: DPPH and FRAP were used to determine antioxidants, and the Folin{\textendash}Ciocalteu method was used for total phenolic content, total flavonoid content with AlCl3 and toxicity with MTT assay against RAW 264.7 cells. Results: Methanol extract has antioxidant activity with IC50 = 81.582 μg/mL (DPPH) and 11840 mol/g (FRAP), total phenolic content of 353.781 mg GAE/g dry weight, and flavonoid content of 279.2 mg QE/g dry weight. The ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts had weaker antioxidant activity than the methanol extracts. The IC50 toxicity assay methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract respectively showed 288.792 μg/mL and 541.472 μg/mL. Conclusion: The methanol extract of Tetracera macrophylla showed the highest yield, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content and had the highest antioxidant activity. Methanol extract has low toxicity to RAW 264.7 cells.

}, keywords = {Antioxidants, Tetracera macrophylla, total flavonoid, total phenolic, Toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.147}, author = {Vera Ladeska and Berna Elya and Muhammad Hanafi and Kusmardi} } @article {1395, title = {The Acute Toxicity of Ki Hampelas Leaves (Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {570-576}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {570}, abstract = {

Background: Ki Hampelas (Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq) is a medicinal plant with antioxidant and nephroprotective activity. Objective: This research aims to prove that Ki Hampelas leaves extract through an acute toxicity test. Materials and Methods: This study used white male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain divided into four groups, the normal group and the 50 mg/ kg, 1000 mg/kg, 2000 mg/kg dose groups. For the acute toxicity test, a single dose with an observation of 14 days. After that, the surgery was done to see changes in the histopathology of the liver and kidneys. Results: The administration of Ki Hampelas leaf extract in the acute toxicity test did not cause death in the tested animals. There were no significant liver and kidney changes seen from the SGOT, SGPT, creatinine, urea, and histopathology. Conclusion: Ki Hampelas leaves extract did not cause death and toxic effects in the acute toxicity test.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Ki Hampelas ( Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq), Kidney, Liver}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.71}, author = {Rini Prastiwi and Ema Dewanti and Cut Mauliza and Ester Hidayati and Ita Anggraini and Riska Anggraini and Vera Ladeska} } @article {1185, title = {The Nephroprotective And Antioxidant Activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq. Leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {843-849}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {843}, abstract = {

Background: Sterculia has an antioxidant activity. The Sterculia genus has phenols and flavonoids content, and this chemical content may be have an nephroprotective activity. Objective: The study was to investigate the in vitro study of antioxidant activity with DPPH and FRAP study and nephroprotective activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq. Leaves extract. Materials and Methods: The leaves was extracted using ethanol. This extract was determined for antioxidant activity by in vitro study with DPPH and FRAP methods, determined the content of total phenols, total flavonoids, and also identification of chemical content. Nephrotoxicity study done by induced gentamycin. The groups divided 6 group, consist: negative control, positive control, normal control, and the extract with dose 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/ kg. The parameter for nephroprotective activity was tubular necrosis, the presence of tubules casts and glomerular damage, creatinine serum, and urea. Results: The ethanol extract has IC50 162.34 μg/ml for DPPH scavenging activity and 18.65 {\textpm} 3.53 FeEAC (Mol/g) for FRAP. The secondary metabolite presence flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, alkaloids, and glycosides. The total phenols 462.36 {\textpm} 9.23 mg GAE/gr, total flavonoids content 59.44 {\textpm} 0.11 mg QE/gr extract. All the dose have an nephroprotective activity, but the best dose was 50 mg/kg. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Sterculia rubiginosa showed antioxidant activity and nephroprotective activity.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Gentamicin, Nephroprotective, Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll Ex. Miq.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.121}, author = {Rini Prastiwi and Ema Dewanti and Inka Nurul Fadliani and Nessa Aqilla and Salwaa Salsabila and Vera Ladeska} } @article {1026, title = {Pharmacognostical Studies and Determination of Total Flavonoids of Paitan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {October 2019}, pages = {1256-1261}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1256}, abstract = {

Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray is one of the plants used in traditional medicine and belongs to Compositae family. In different parts of Indonesia, it is commonly known as {\textquotedblleft}paitan and kembang bulan{\textquotedblright}. The study provides an early description of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) and complete the monographs data extract. This plant prospects to the main source of the raw material for the herb-drug product and some parameters identified were needed to ensure the safety, quality and efficacy of the product. The present study is to evaluate macrosand microscopic characteristic of the Indonesian plant and its quality parameter including fluorescence, physicochemical characteristics and phytochemical screening. Moisture content, ethanol and water-soluble extract was determined, and were discovered to be 11,27\%, 4,73\% and 18,01\%. Total ash value and acid insoluble ash value were determined which was 10.29 and 0.72 \% respectively. Phytochemical screening of aqueous ethanol extract of Tithonia diversifolia showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids. The result showed that average content of flavonoid total is 69.1653 mg QE/g extract.

}, keywords = {Pharmacognostical, Physicochemical, Phytochemical, Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray)}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.195}, author = {Vera Ladeska and Ema Dewanti and Deviana Indah Sari} }