@article {1424, title = {Evaluation of Acute toxicity, In-vitro, In-vivo Antidiabetic Potential of the Flavonoid Fraction of the plant Chenopodium album L}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {765-779}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {765}, abstract = {

Background: The Chenopodium album L. commonly recognized as Bathua, is widely distributed globally and contains various phytoconstituents that help treat several diseases. However, until now, aerial parts{\textquoteright} antidiabetic potential and the plant{\textquoteright}s acute toxicity at fraction level have never been established. Objectives: To investigate the acute toxicity, the in-vitro, in-vivo antidiabetic potential of the plant at fraction level. Materials and Methods: The aerial parts of the plant were fractionated into different fractions, i.e., flavonoid fraction (CAFF), tannin fraction (CATF), alkaloid fraction (CAAF), saponin fraction (CASF), and were analyzed for in-vitro alpha-amylase inhibition assay. The CAFF, CATF, and CAAF were selected based on in-vitro alpha-amylase inhibition assay results and were further screened for its acute toxicity and in vivo antidiabetic activity using a high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced diabetes model. The CAFF was characterized by LC-MS, and a molecular docking study was carried out. Results: The in-vitro alpha-amylase inhibition assay revealed that CAFF was found to be more potent than standard Acarbose having IC50 values 122.18 {\textpm} 1.15 and 812.83{\textpm} 1.07 μg/ml, respectively. The CAFF fraction was found to possess potent antidiabetic activity in a dose-dependent manner in both in vitro and in vivo diabetic models and did not produce any sign of severe toxicity. Furthermore, the bioactive CAFF fraction was characterized by LC-MS, showed the presence of quercetin 3-O-(2{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright},6{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}-di-O-rhamnosyl) glucoside (QRG) or quercetin 3-O-(2{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright},6{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}-di-Orhamnosyl) galactoside (QRGa) and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) (QR). It is predicted from the molecular docking study that the CAFF fraction primarily acts as an alphaamylase inhibitor. Conclusion: The CAFF fraction was found to poses dose-dependent potent antidiabetic activity and did not produce any sign of severe toxicity and primarily act as an alpha-amylase inhibitor.

}, keywords = {Acute toxicity, Alpha-amylase, Antidiabetic activity, Chenopodium album, Lc-Ms, Molecular docking}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.98}, author = {Neeraj Choudhary and Pranav Kumar Prabhakar and Gopal L Khatik and Subba Rao Chamakuri and Devesh Tewari and Ashish Suttee} } @article {701, title = {Antiurolithiatic Activity of Daucus carota: An In vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {880-884}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {880}, abstract = {

Context: Urolithiasis is a polygenic disorder with complex etiology and even complicated treatment outcomes. Daucus carota is a widely cultivated crop with traditional claims for its antiurolithiatic potential. Aim: Present study was an attempt to investigate the antilithic potential of D. carota root extract (DCRE) against calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis by employing in vitro methods. Methods: Nucleation, growth and aggregation assay of CaOx crystallization were used. FT-IR analysis was used for characterizing CaOx crystals. Results: DCRE exhibited significant inhibition of nucleation, growth and aggregation of CaOx crystals. It produced a favorable morphological transformation of CaOx crystals from calcium oxalate monohydrate to calcium oxalate dihydrate. FT-IR analysis confirmed formation of calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals to be utilized for growth and aggregation assays. Conclusion: DCRE possesses significant antiurolithiatic activity against CaOx urolithiasis in vitro which could be attributed to its saponins, tannins, flavonoids and polyphenolic content.

}, keywords = {Aggregation, Flavonoids, FT-IR, Nucleation, Urolithiasis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.148}, author = {Sweta Bawari and Archana Negi Sah and Devesh Tewari} } @article {592, title = {Pharmacognostical Evaluation of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. from Uttarakhand}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {March 2018}, pages = {527-532}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {527}, abstract = {

Objective: Rhododendron arboreum Sm. commonly known as Burans is an important plant of the Himalayan region. It is the national flower of Nepal and state tree of Uttarakhand. The present study pertains to the pharmacognostical evaluation of R. arboreum from Uttarakhand. Methods: Macroscopy, microscopy by free hand section cutting and with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were done along with the physicochemical analysis. Preliminary phytochemical studies and fluorescence analysis was also carried out. Results: Results revealed that the leaves contain paracytic or amphiparacytic stomata in cluster form. The epidermal cells were long and spongy. The cells also contain some grooves and papillae throughout the surface. Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of different secondary metabolites like alkaloids carbohydrates, phenols, proteins, saponins, and tannins. Conclusion: R. arboreum from Uttarakhand region was investigated for its morphological and cytological characteristics with the help of scanning electron microscopy for the first time. The results provide details on the presence of several specific characters which are important for the identification of the genuine crude drug.

}, keywords = {Burans, Himalaya, microscopy, Phytochemical, SEM}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.3.86}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/519}, author = {Devesh Tewari and Archana Negi Sah and Sweta Bawari} } @article {96, title = {Pharmacognostical, Phytochemical and Nutritional Evaluation of Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {09/2015}, pages = {31-36}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {31}, abstract = {

Objective: The primary aim of the study was to establish the pharmacognostic standards along with nutritional values on the important medicinal herb Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC., commonly known as Parpata in South India. Material and Methods: Pharmacognostical, physicochemical, nutritional evaluation along with the TLC profiling and preliminary phytochemical screening was carried out. Results: Histological study of different parts of the plant revealed the presence of different cellular structures viz. stem showed the presence of multi cellular to unicellular trichomes, collateral vascular bundles, starch grains etc. Mesophyll of the leaves was embedded with starch grains with clustered calcium oxalate and prism shaped crystals. Anomocytic stomata were present on both the epidermis of the leaf. Powder microscopy exhibited multi cellular trichomes, clustered calcium oxalate, fibres etc. Physicochemical and histochemical studies revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites and different minerals within the acceptable limits. Thin layer chromatographic profiling showed different spots suggesting the presence of specific phytoconstituents in different extracts. The plant also revealed good nutritional value with calorific value of about 245 kcal/100g; Vitamin C 112 mg/100 g and higher amount of calcium etc. Conclusion: The results are beneficial to establish the quality control parameters of the plant species and may be served as future reference for the identification and authentication of the genuine crude drug and also provide sufficient data to recognize the use of the plant as dietary suppliment.\ \  \ 

}, keywords = {Antidiabetic, Histochemical studies., Pharmacognosy, Powder microscopy, standardization, Thin layer Chromatography.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.1.7}, author = {Shantha Thirumalai Ramaseshan and Patchaimal Pitchaiah and Vandana Bharti and Kishore Kumar Ramakrishna and Venkateshwarlu Gaddam and Devesh Tewari and Chinmay Rath and Anupam Mangal and Padhi Madan Mohan and Dhiman Kartar Singh} } @article {185, title = {Pharmacognostical Standardization of Goraksha pods: an important Nutritive and antidiabetic Plant}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {Oct 2016}, pages = {424-429}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {424}, abstract = {

Objective: Goraksha or cluster beans are an annual legume found throughout India. It is also extensively cultivated for its pods used as vegetable for its high nutritive value, antidiabetic properties and for the source of guargum. Methods: Macroscopy, microscopy, powder microscopy, histochemical studies and preliminary phytochemical studies on the pods of Goraksha has been carried out highlighting its importance along with important diagnostic characters, which will help in the identification of pods both in fresh form as well as in dry form. Results: Study revealed presence of distantly arranged elongated uniseriate warty trichomes in the outer most layer of epidermis, presence of stone cells, simple starch grains and very small calcium oxalate crystals in the hypodermal region. Presence of unevenly thickened row of palisade layer of macro sclereids in the outer most layer of cotyledon region. Phytochemical studies revealed the presence of alkaloids carbohydrates, phenols, proteins, saponins, starch, steroids, and tannins. Conclusion: The pharmacognostical standardization revealed the presence of various specific characters which are important for the identification of the genuine pods of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.

}, keywords = {Cluster beans, Goraksha, Pharmacognosy, Pods. Histochemical studies.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.5.2}, author = {Shantha Thirumalai Ramasheshan and Patchaimal Pitchaiah and Prathapa Reddy Maramreddy and Vandana Bharti and Kishore Kumar Ramakrishana and Venkateshwarlu Gaddam and Devesh Tewari and Anupam Kumar Mangal and Madan Mohan Padhi and Kartar Singh Dhiman} }