@article {2127, title = {Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Anti-tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activities of Pachyrhizus erosus Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {839-842}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {839}, abstract = {

Background: The storage roots of Pachyrhizus erosus (PE) have been traditionally used as a skin whitening agent in Indonesia and are also consumed fresh in many Southeast Asian countries, including Thailand. However, research on the biological activities of PE is limited. Objective: This study aimed to measure the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and to test the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of PE extracts. The Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric, the Aluminium chloride colorimetric, the DPPH scavenging, and the Dopachrome assays were used for the experiments. Results: The dichloromethane extract had the highest anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50= 2.08 {\textpm} 0.40 mg/mL), total flavonoid content (9.93 {\textpm} 0.02 mg QE/g extract), and antioxidant activity (IC50= 40 {\textpm} 0.02 μg/mL). The largest total phenolic concentration was found in the 80\% ethanol extract, albeit (11.97 {\textpm} 0.55 mg GAE/g extract). Conclusion: Based on its remarkable activities, the dichloromethane extract is recommended for future development in skinlightening products. The study{\textquoteright}s findings conclude that PE extracts may be used as an alternate source of antioxidants and anti-tyrosinase agents

}, keywords = {Anti-tyrosinase, Free radical scavenging., Pachyrhizus erosus, total flavonoid content, total phenolic content}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.160}, author = {Pornpun Laovachirasuwan and Methin Phadungkit} } @article {1192, title = {The Development of Phyllanthus emblica Extract in Ethosomes for Hair Loss Prevention}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {June 2020}, pages = {905-910}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {905}, abstract = {

Background: Hair loss is not a serious health problem but leads to decreased self- confidence, personality, and psychological problems. According to Thai traditional medical wisdom, Phyllanthus emblica has the property to prevent hair loss. Ethosomes are a drug delivery system, which can increase drug delivery to deep skin layers and enhance the effectiveness of the active ingredient. Objective: This research aims to develop ethosomes of Phyllanthus emblica extract with beneficial properties. Materials and Methods: Phyllanthus emblica was extracted by a maceration method with 95\% ethanol as a solvent. The total phenolic content of the extracts was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidation activity was evaluated by DPPH assay. Ethosomes were formulated by a cold method and their properties were observed. Results: The results showed that the total phenolic content of Phyllanthus emblica extract was 406.37{\textpm}2.39 mg GAE/g extract. The IC50 of antioxidant activity was 7.05{\textpm}0.17 μg/ml. Ethosomes with 0.03\% of Phyllanthus emblica extract, 2\% of soya phosphatidylcholine, and 20\% of ethanol had the highest percentage of entrapment efficiency (65.26\%{\textpm}1.80\%). The ethosomes of Phyllanthus emblica extract was the spherical shape and white colloid. The particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, and pH of ethosomes were 0.43{\textpm}0.00 μm, 0.44{\textpm}0.03, -10.40{\textpm}0.28 mV, and 4.06{\textpm}0.03, respectively. Conclusion: The ethosomes of Phyllanthus emblica extract had good properties and area possible alternative product for hair loss prevention.

}, keywords = {Entrapment efficiency, Ethosomes, Phyllanthus emblica}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.128}, author = {Pornpun Laovachirasuwan and Wutthichart Fuangbangluang and Atchariyaporn Phanichanaphan and Issarapong Nasomroop and Methin Phadungkit} } @article {710, title = {Effects of Asparagus racemosus Root Extracts on Serum Lipid Profiles, Lipid Peroxidation and Superoxide Dismutase in Ovariectomized Rat}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1036-1041}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1036}, abstract = {

Background: Once rats have been ovariectomized they have a high risk of cardiovascular disease due to changes in the blood cholesterol and lipid profile. Objective: To investigate the effects of Asparagus racemosus (AR) root extract on the serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels in ovariectomized rats. Methods: Twenty-five, two month-old female Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: SH, OVX,OEE, OAAR and OEAR. The daily doses of 500 mg/KgBW of the AR root extracts for five weeks.The levels of serum TG, TC, HDL, LDL, the liver, kidney and uterine tissue lipid peroxidation and SOD levels were determined. Results: Serum TC and LDL showed no significant differences in any groups. Serum TG of the OAAR and OEAR groups were not significantly different. The serum HDL of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly lower than the OEE group. The liver MDA levels of the OAAR and OEAR groups were significantly decreased compared with the OVX and OEE groups while the SOD level of the OAAR group was significantly increased. The MDA levels in the kidney and uterine of the treated group showed no significant difference. The SOD levels in the kidney of the treated group were not different but the SOD levels in uterine were significantly decreased. Conclusion: It can be believed that the lipid profiles were maybe regulated via estrogen.The AR extract has low effects on the lipid profiles at this dose and duration of treatment. The capacity of the extracts to decrease the MDA level and increase the SOD level in this study clearly reflected the antioxidant efficiency of these substances.

}, keywords = {Asparagus racemosus, Lipid profiles, Malondialdehyde, Ovariectomized rat, Superoxide dismutase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.175}, author = {Ladachart Taepongsorat and Methin Phadungkit} } @article {97, title = {Chemical Constituents and in vitro anticancer activity of Tiliacora triandra leaves}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {09/2015}, pages = {1-3}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1}, abstract = {

Introduction: \ Tiliacora triandra (F. Menispermaceae) is edible and is also known for medicinal values. The leaves are a popular flavoring in Southeast Asia, especially in the northeast of Thailand.\  The objectives of this study were to determine the major constituents of the leaves of T. triandra, and assess their anticancer activities against human cancer cell lines. Methods: The leaves were extracted by a soxhlet apparatus with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and water. Major constituents were then purified and identified using chromatographic procedures and various spectroscopic techniques.\  In vitro anticancer activity tests of T. triandra extracts were performed by resazurinmicroplate assay (REMA), and tested with 3 cell lines: oral cavity cancer (KB), lung cancer (NCI-H187) and breast cancer (MCF-7) cell lines. Results: The result indicated that the main compound of T. triandra leaves was oxoanolobine. The methanol extract showed the highest cytotoxic activity against lung cancer (NCI-H187) cell line whereas the water extract exhibited the highest activity against oral cavity cancer (KB) cell line. The IC50 of oxoanolobine against the NCI-H187 cell line was 27.60 \± 4.30 \µg/mL. Conclusion:T. triandra leaves contain oxoanolobine as the major constituent and have the potential of anticancer activity but are required to be investigated further.

}, keywords = {In vitro anticancer activity, Oxoanolobine, Phytochemistry, Tiliacora triandra, Yanang.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.1.1}, author = {Surapong Rattana and Benjamart Cushnie and Ladachart Taepongsorat and Methin Phadungkit} } @article {33, title = {Anti-Tyrosinase and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Thai Herbal Extracts Traditionally Used as Skin Toner}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {04/2015}, pages = {97-101}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {97}, abstract = {

Introduction: Skin darkness may be cosmetically undesirable for some people. Plant-derived materials traditionally used for skin lightening may produce satisfactory results. Besides innate tyrosinase activity, oxidative stress also plays an important role in skin darkness by activating tyrosinase. Therefore, herbal extracts with strong anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities could be considered as efficacious skin lightening agents. The aims of the present study were to determine the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts indigenously used as skin toners. Methods: The activities of seven Thai medicinal plants; Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Phyllanthus emblica Linn., Tagetes erecta Linn., Centella asiatica, Raphanus sativusvar. Longipinnatus Linn., Cassia fistula Linn. and Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. were investigated using the DOPA-chrome method to determine anti-tyrosinase activity and the DPPH free radical scavenging assay to determine antioxidant activity. Results: With respect to tyrosinase inhibitory activity, P. emblica, B. monosperma and R. sativusvar. Longipinnatus extracts at a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL showed strong activities with the percentage of tyrosinase inhibition at 48.38\±4.77, 46.92\±3.77 and 42.85\±6.54\%, respectively. In addition, P. emblica and B. monosperma extracts also exhibited high antioxidant activities with the IC50values on 33.47\±1.24 and 33.57\±1.92 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Based on tyrosinase inhibition activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays, the herbal extracts of P. emblica and B. monosperma show promise as potential skin lighteners in cosmetic formulations.

}, keywords = {anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, Dopachrome method, DPPH radical scavenging assay, skin lightening, traditional skin toners}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.2.3}, author = {Bunleu Sungthong and Methin Phadungkit} } @article {1465, title = {Anti-Tyrosinase and DPPH Radical Scavenging Activities of Selected Thai Herbal Extracts Traditionally Used as Skin Toner}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {27th Dec, 2014}, pages = {97-101}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {97}, abstract = {

Introduction: Skin darkness may be cosmetically undesirable for some people. Plant-derived materials traditionally used for skin lightening may produce satisfactory results. Besides innate tyrosinase activity, oxidative stress also plays an important role in skin darkness by activating tyrosinase. Therefore, herbal extracts with strong anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities could be considered as efficacious skin lightening agents. The aims of the present study were to determine the anti-tyrosinase and antioxidant activities of Thai medicinal plant extracts indigenously used as skin toners. Methods: The activities of seven Thai medicinal plants; Zingiber cassumunar Roxb., Phyllanthus emblica Linn., Tagetes erecta Linn., Centella asiatica, Raphanus sativusvar. Longipinnatus Linn., Cassia fistula Linn. and Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. were investigated using the DOPA-chrome method to determine anti-tyrosinase activity and the DPPH free radical scavenging assay to determine antioxidant activity. Results: With respect to tyrosinase inhibitory activity, P. emblica, B. monosperma and R. sativusvar. Longipinnatus extracts at a concentration of 1.67 mg/mL showed strong activities with the percentage of tyrosinase inhibition at 48.38\±4.77, 46.92\±3.77 and 42.85\±6.54 \%, respectively. In addition, P. emblica and B. monosperma extracts also exhibited high antioxidant activities with the IC50values on 33.47\±1.24 and 33.57\±1.92 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: Based on tyrosinase inhibition activity and DPPH radical scavenging assays, the herbal extracts of P. emblica and B. monosperma show promise as potential skin lighteners in cosmetic formulations.

Key words: antioxidant activity, Dopachrome method, skin lightening, traditional skin toners, anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity, DPPH radical scavenging assay.

}, keywords = {anti-tyrosinase inhibitory activity, antioxidant activity, Dopachrome method, DPPH radical scavenging assay, skin lightening, traditional skin toners}, author = {Bunleu Sungthong and Methin Phadungkit} }