@article {1610, title = {Inhibitory activity against α-amylase and α-glucosidase by phenolic compounds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) and ca{\~n}ihua (Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen) from the Andean region of Peru}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {896-901}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {896}, abstract = {

Background: Chenopodium quinoa Willd. and Chenopodium pallidicaule Aellen are grains from the Andean region of Peru, which in addition to having a high nutritional value, have health-promoting properties related to the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes. Objetive: The present study aimed to identify phenolic compounds associated with an inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes. Material and Methods: Two varieties of quinoa and two varieties of ca{\~n}ihua from the Puno Region in Peru, were evaluated. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, identification of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in vitro were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu assay, aluminum chloride colorimetric method, HPLC-DAD and DPPH radical scavenging assay, respectively. In vitro hypoglycemic activity was evaluated through the inhibition of the α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Results: Gallic acid, rutin and chlorogenic acid were identified by HPLC-DAD in the varieties of quinoa and ca{\~n}ihua. The latter showed significantly higher levels of chlorogenic acid compared to quinoa varieties (p\<0.05). Both Andean grains exhibited inhibition of key-enzymes linked to type 2 diabetes, presenting IC50 values of 7.99 to 34.05 and of 8.07 to 1158 μg/mL for α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Total phenolics, total flavonoids, DPPH radical scavenging assay, gallic acid and chlorogenic acid showed the greatest contribution to the inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase enzyme (p\<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the phenolic compounds present in the varieties of quinoa and ca{\~n}ihua could modulate the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes associated with type 2 diabetes.

}, keywords = {Andean grains, DPPH radical scavenging assay, HPLC-DAD, in vitro antidiabetic activity, Polyphenols}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.115}, author = {Jorge Coronado-Olano and Ritva Repo-Carrasco-Valencia and Oscar Reategui and Emily Toscano and Elisa Valdez and Mirko Zimic and Ivan Best} } @article {916, title = {Cytoprotective Effect of the Eryngium foetidum "Sacha Culantro" Methanolic Leaf Extract Versus Sodium Fluoride Exposed Mice using the Micronucleus Test and the Comet Assay}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {461-465}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {461}, abstract = {

Introduction: Eryngium foetidum, commonly known as sacha culantro, is a plant that grows in the Peruvian Amazonian jungle, studied for its high concentration of antioxidant substances and various ethnopharmacological properties. The main goal of the study is to observe the cytoprotective and antioxidant effect of the extract from its leafs in Mus musculus previously administered with Sodium fluoride (NaF) using the Micronucleus test and the Comet assay. Methods: The extract was administrated orally in four different concentrations: 180, 360, 720, 1440 mg/Kg for ten days, at the 11th day a single dose of NaF was administrated via intraperitoneal at 20 mg/Kg. The genotoxicity study was made with mice from the strain BALB/c, using the Micronucleus test on bone marrow and the Comet assay on peripheral blood according the OECD guides 474 and 489 respectively. The statistical analysis was made by the media{\textquoteright}s analysis with ANOVA. Results: Significant differences were found in Micronucleus frequency between the highest concentrations of Eryngium foetidum and NaF. The Comet assay showed significant reduction in NaF induced damage according to different concentrations of the extract. Conclusion: The Eryngium foetidum extract has cytoprotective activity against oxidant substances such as NaF.

}, keywords = {Comet assay, Cytoprotective, Eryngium foetidum, Genotoxicity, Micronucleus test, Toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.72}, author = {Paola Raunelli and Danae Liviac and Rafael Alvis and Silvio Puente and Ivan Best and Oscar Reategui} } @article {840, title = {Phytochemical Analysis, In vitro Antioxidant Capacity and Toxicity Assessment of Copaifera paupera Oleoresin}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {March 2019}, pages = {374-378}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {374}, abstract = {

Introduction: The present study was taken to determine the phytochemical analysis, the antioxidant activity in vitro (FRAP and TBARS methodologies), the oral acute toxicity and antigenotoxicity of the oleoresin Copaifera paupera. Methods: The oleoresin was tested for in vivo cytoprotective capacity using the Micronucleus Test and the Comet Assay in mice bone marrow cells and mice erythrocytes cells, respectively. Results: The oleoresin had low levels of total flavonoids and phenol content and also of antioxidant capacity. Orally, the LD50 appeared to be \> 5000 mg/kg (no toxic or low toxic). The results showed all the doses evaluated (180 360, 720 and 1440 mg/kg) antigenotoxic effect by reduce the DNA damage induced by cyclophosphamide, being a 100 \% DNA damage reduction at the highest dose evaluated. Conclusion: According to the Micronucleus test, the oleoresin Copaifera paupera had the ability of increase the cell proliferation despite the exposition of cyclophosphamide. (abstract is not arranged properly, improper sentences)

}, keywords = {Antigenotoxicity, Comet assay, Copaifera paupera, Micronucleus test, Oleoresin, Phytochemical analysis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.57}, author = {Danae Liviac and Paola Raunelli and Rafael Alvis and Silvio Puente and Ivan Best and Oscar Reategui} }