@article {1697, title = {Analyzing of Urine 3-Hidroxy Propil Mercapturic Acid on Cyclophosphamide Induced Rat to Determine Ameliorating Effect of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Seed Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1549-1556}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1549}, abstract = {

Background: A 70\% ethanolic extract of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds contain a certain amount of sulfhydryl active compounds and potential for ameliorated cyclophosphamide side effects. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze of urine 3-hidroxy propil mercapturic acid (3-HPMA) in a rat model for cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis to determine the effect of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds extract. Materials and methods: The levels of urine 3-hidroxy propil mercapturic acid was measured using LCMS/MS. Urine preparation was carried out by dilution (1:5) with mobile phase and contained a deuteurated internal standard. The LC separation was performed using a C18 column (1.7 μm; 2.1 mm {\texttimes} 100 mm). The mobile phase consisted of formic acid (0.1\%) and formic acid (0.1\%) in acetonitrile (90:10 v/v), as a starting gradient at flow rate of 0.2 ml/min with total run 7 min. Results: The lower limit of quantification was 40 ng/ml and the linear extended to 20,000 ng/ml. The method has been successfully to be applied in determined of rat urine 3-HPMA. The results showed that the 70\% ethanolic extract of seeds can increased the amount of 3-HPMA in rat urine. Conclusion: The 70\% ethanolic extract of seeds displayed a potential ameliorating effect against cyclophosphamide side effects.

}, keywords = {3-Hidroxypropil mercapturic acid, Cyclophosphamide, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Urine.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.197}, author = {Sri Wardatun and Yahdiana Harahap and Noorwati Sutandyo and Abdul Mun{\textquoteright}im} } @article {1098, title = {Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Seeds: A New Potential Source of Sulfhydryl Compounds}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {March 2020}, pages = {298-302}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {298}, abstract = {

Background: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds are considered the most widely consumed legumes by ruminants. The seeds contain around 1.5 mmol of thiol/sulfhydryl compounds per 100 g of dried seeds. The contents of the sulfhydryl compounds can act like glutathione. On the other hand, the intake of a high amount of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds is limited by mimosine because it can induce toxicity and death in ruminants. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine sulfhydryl compound levels in Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds after the mimosine removal process. Materials and methods: Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit seeds were soaked in aquadest for 24 hours and then dried at 40{\textdegree}C for 86 hours. The dried seeds were macerated at room temperature using 30\%, 50\%, 70\%, and 96\% (v/v) of ethanol as the solvent with a 1:10 solvent-to-solid ratio. Levels of dried extract yield were determined for sulfhydryl compounds and mimosine using a spectrophotometer. Results: The 30\% ethanol extract without soaking produced the highest levels of extract yield, but 70\% ethanol was the most effective solvent for extracting the maximum sulfhydryl and minimum mimosine levels. Conclusion: Ethanol solvent (70\%) can be used to extract maximum levels of sulfhydryl compound and minimum levels of mimosine from Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit soaked seeds.

}, keywords = {Ethanol, Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit, Mimosine, Sulfhydryl compounds}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.47}, author = {Sri Wardatun and Yahdiana Harahap and Abdul Mun{\textquoteright}im and Fadlina Chany Saputri and Noorwati Sutandyo} } @article {1051, title = {Impact of Solvent on the Characteristics of Standardized Binahong Leaf (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1463-1470}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1463}, abstract = {

Background: Binahong is a plant that has the potential to be used as a traditional herbal medicine in Indonesia, and has several kinds of classes of compounds, one of them is a flavonoids glycosides (vitexin). Previous research reported that binahong leaves have pharmacological activities as antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, antibacterial, and others. A traditional plant that has proven efficacious needs to be standardized to ensure the quality and its safety. Objective: This study aimed to characteristics of binahong leaves simplicia obtained from Bogor, West Java. Materials and Methods: The crude extract was obtained by the maceration method using 40\%, 70\%, and 96\% ethanol solvent. The selected extract then standardized, which includes macroscopic and microscopic observations and sets the standard parameter values binahong leaf extract. Parameters LCMS to identify active compounds semiquantitatively. Results: The yield of binahong ethanol extract from 40\%, 70\%, 96\% showed a value of 10.9\%, 11.4\%, and 12.32\%, respectively. From these results, 96\% ethanol extract has proceeded for standardization. Macroscopic observation results showed that binahong leaves simplicia has a fine and notched form with 5-10 cm long and 3-7 cm diameter. The microscopic binahong leaves contain palisade tissue, parenchymal tissue, chlorophyll grains, rosette Caoxalate crystals, and spiral type. Phytochemical screening of binahong leaves showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, and phenolic compounds.The standardization of binahong leaves ethanol extract down showed a levels of ethanol-soluble extract\> 14.8\%, water-soluble extract content \> 13.5\%, drying \< 10\%, water content \< 8.9\%, total ash content \< 7.2\%. LCMS profiles showed that ethanolic extract 40\%, 70\%, and 96\% all contained vitexin at retention time 5.02 minutes, and m/z values 433.1111. Conclusion: 96\% ethanolic extract of binahong leaves contains vitexin with pharmacognostic parameters carried out following the standards listed in the Indonesian herb pharmacopeia.

}, keywords = {Anredera cordifolia, Extract, LCMS, Simplicia, standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.226}, author = {Dwitiyanti and Yahdiana Harahap and Berna Elya and Anton Bahtiar} } @article {1050, title = {Influence of Extraction on the Yield, Phytochemical and LCMS Profile from Standardized Kemuning Leaf (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1455-1462}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1455}, abstract = {

Introduction: Mahanimbine alkaloid is carbazole alkaloids found in kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) potentially as antihyperlipidemia. Chemical compounds from plants can be obtained by extraction. The aim of this study was to determine influence of extraction solvents on the yield, phytochemistry and LCMS profiles from standardized kemuning to produce safe and quality medicinal raw materials. Materials and Methods: The study was used kinds of ethanol concentration with different polarity as a solvent for extraction. Solvent 40\%, 70\% and 96\% of ethanol were used for maceration of simplicia from Bogor, West Java. The extract obtained was evaluated for the content of alkaloid compounds for LCMS then extracts were selected to be proceed to standardized extract quality. Results: The LCMS results showed that all 40\%, 70\% and 96\% ethanol extracts contained Candidate Mass 354,19014 compounds which were thought to be e alkaloids based on the m/z value. Phytochemical screening in all extracts contained alkaloid compounds, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. 96\% ethanolic extract contained non-specific parameter such as content of compounds soluble in water 22,73\%, soluble in ethanol 17,37\%, drying down 9,10\%, water content 18,36\%, total ash content 4,18\%, the yield of extracts was 33,45\%, microbial contamination \<3,0.104 (7,0.104) colony/g and mold yeast number 0 colony/g. The total gravimetric alkaloid level was 1,031\%. Conclusions: 96\% ethanolic extract of kemuning contains mahanimbine alkaloids and has met the standard quality requirements of extracts.

}, keywords = {Murraya paniculata, Non-specific parameters, Pharmacognosy, Specific parameters, Standardization of extracts}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.225}, author = {Elly Wardani and Yahdiana Harahap and Abdul Mun{\textquoteright}im and Anton Bahtiar} } @article {1052, title = {Study of Molecular Docking of Vitexin in Binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) Leaves Extract on Glibenclamide-CYP3A4 Interaction}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1471-1476}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1471}, abstract = {

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that has a high prevalence in Indonesia. About 90-95\% of all diabetes cases were caused by the failure or incapability of insulin target cells to respond to the insulin in normal state. The use of glibenclamide antidiabetic drugs with herbs has been occurred frequently in the community. Vitexin, one of active compounds in binahong (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) leaves, has been known to have an antidiabetic effects. This study aimed to determine the molecular docking interaction of glibenclamide and vitexin in binahong leaves against CYP3A4 as antidiabetic drug. Method: Molecular docking methods were carried out using Autodock Vina software and interaction was visualized using discovery studio. Results: The study indicated that the value of glibenclamide complex free energy with CYP3A4 was -3.2 kcal/mol and the stability has increasing to -4.4 kcal/mol after docked with vitexin. The glibenclamide and vitexin complexes had 7 Pi alkyl hydrophobic bonds, 1 hydrocarbon hydrogen bond 1 Pi-cation electrostatic interactions, other interactions between Pi bond and sulfur atoms in cysteine amino acid residues, Pi bond interactions in phenylalamin aromatic groups with electron pairs oxygen atom. Conclusion: This study concluded that vitexin could improve glibenclamide stability.

}, keywords = {Diabetes mellitus, Glibenclamide, Molecular docking, Vitexin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.227}, author = {Dwitiyanti and Yahdiana Harahap and Berna Elya and Anton Bahtiar} } @article {951, title = {Validation of High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Bromelain in Pineapple (Ananas comosus (L) Merr) Water}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {901-906}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {901}, abstract = {

Objective: The aim of the present study was to validate HPLC method for analysis bromelain levels in pineapple water and application that method to determine the storage time of pineapple water. Methods: The reversed phase of HPLC method was tested and optimized before it is validated. The composition and the flow rate of the mobile phase is the optimized parameter. The analytical parameters validated were detection limits, linearity, accuracy and precision. Pineapple water was stored for 8 h at 10{\textordmasculine}C and bromelain was determined using the validated HPLC method. Result: The optimum mobile phase composition was methanolwater (70:30) with a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The detector concentration-response was linear with coefficient of determination of 0.993. The accuracy of HPLC method at a recovery of 1 and 2\% bromelain was 106.37 {\textpm} 1.94\% and 98.12 {\textpm} 1.29\% (n = 5), respectively. The precision, expressed as the coefficients of variation (CV), at 1 and 2\% bromelain were 1.83 and 1.32\% (n = 5), respectively. Bromelain level at zero time was 81.53\%. After storage for 8 h at 10{\textordmasculine}C, bromelain levels in pineapple juice appeared to decrease not statistically significant (p \> 0.05), with to mean value of 78.46 {\textpm} 2.88\%. Conclusion: The HPLC method developed was valid to analyze accurately concentrations of bromelain in pineapple water and it can be used to study the shelf life of pineapple water based on bromelain content. The bromelain content in pineapple juice was not statistically significantly different after 8 h storage at 10{\textdegree}C.

}, keywords = {Bromelain, HPLC, Pineapple water, Storage}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.144}, author = {Novi Yantih and Alfadella Methananda and Yahdiana Harahap and Wahono Sumaryono and Lestari Rahayu} } @article {755, title = {Comparison between High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for Determination of Rubraxanthone in the Stem Bark Extract of Garcinia cowa Roxb}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s42-s47}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s42}, abstract = {

Objectives: To develop simple, rapid, accurate methods for determination of rubraxanthone in the stem bark extract of Garcinia cowa using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Methods: The HPTLC method was performed on aluminum plate precoated with silica gel 60 F254 using Chloroform: Ethyl acetate: Methanol: Formic acid (88:2:2:8) as a developing system. Quantification was achieved using densitometric measurements at 243 nm. The HPLC method involved a 5 \μm C18 column and an isocratic solvent using 0.4\% formic acid: methanol (12:88) with a flow rate 1 mL minute-1. Quantitation was also achieved with ultraviolet detection at 243 nm based on peak area. All necessary validation tests for both methods were done for their comparison. The results obtained by these two different quantification methods were compared by Tukey\’s-test. Results: Both assays provided good linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and limits of detection and quantitation for determination of rubraxanthone in The Stem Bark extract of G. cowa. Conclusion: Both methods revealed reasonable validation parameters concerning linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity and limits of detection and quantitation. A statistical comparison of the quantitative analysis of rubraxanthone in extract did not show any statistically significant difference between two analysis methods. As both methods were found to be equal, they therefore can be used for the analysis of rubraxanthone in the Stem Bark extract of G. cowa.

}, keywords = {Garcinia cowa Roxb, High Performance Liquid Chromatography, High performance Thin layer Chromatography, rubraxanthone}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.8}, author = {Meri Susanti and Sanusi Ibrahim and Yahdiana Harahap and Dachriyanus} }