@article {1918, title = {The Essential Oils Constituent of Etlingera flexuosa (Zingiberaceae), An Endemic Plant from Central Sulawesi}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {842-846}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {842}, abstract = {

Introduction: The essential oils from rhizomes, pseudostems, and leaves of Etlingera flexuosa, an endemic ginger species of Sulawesi, were studied. Methods: The essential oils were extracted using solvent extraction and hydrodistillation methods and analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The percentage yield of volatile compounds obtained from solvent extraction method was higher than hydrodistillation. By solvent extraction, sesquiterpenes were found abundantly in rhizomes, pseudostems, and leaves with the percentage of 34.16\%, 35.20\% and 32.70\%, respectively. The rhizome and pseudostems were found to contain spathulanol with the high percentage of 3.91\% and 3.46\%. Meanwhile, by hydrodistillation, the compounds were dominated by fatty acid compunds with the percentage of 82.26\%, 82.79\% and 76.1\% on rhizome, pseudostems and leaves. Glycerol tricaprylate has the high percentage of 66.76\% and 82.12\% on rhizome and pseudostems, while in leaves, fatty acids 1,2,3-propanetriyl ester-decanoic acid was the highest with the percentage of 61.81\%. Sesquiterpenes was the second with the percentage of 10.36\%, 11.15\%, and 11.61\% in rhizomes, pseudostems, and leaves, respectively. Conclusion: The most essential oils of E. flexuosa was obtained from the solvent extraction method.

}, keywords = {Essential oils, Etlingera flexuosa, Extraction, GC-MS, Hydrodistillation}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.177}, author = {Ramadanil Pitopang and Ihwan and Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair and Nurhaeni} } @article {1288, title = {Phytochemical Analysis and Antihyperuricemic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Moringa oleifera Seeds}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {November 2020}, pages = {1698-1704}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1698}, abstract = {

Background: Moringa oleifera is a popular plant that has been known to have several importance biological activities. Objectives: To perform phytochemical analysis, to in vivo evaluate the antihyperuricemic activity and to measure the inhibition of ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed on xanthine oxidase enzyme. Materials and Methods: The seed were collected from Sigi regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Extraction was performed by maceration method with ethanol 96\% as a solvent. Thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometric UV-Vis were used to determine the phytochemical contents. The antihyperuricemic activity was evaluated by using in vivo model of rat induced by potassium oxonate. The xanthin oxidase inhibitory activity was also determined by spectroscopic method by measuring the catalytic rate of xanthin oxidase enzyme. Results: Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolics, saponin and tannin. Quantitative determination of total flavonoids and quercetin concentration found the values of 82.17 {\textpm} 0.684 mg QE/g and 0.5131 {\textpm} 0.0022 mg/g dried extract, respectively. Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed have potential antihyperuricemic activity in which it can significantly reduce the serum uric acid level on potassium oxonate-induced hyperuricemic rat model with the effective dose of 125 mg/ kg BW. Xanthin oxidase inhibitory activity showed the moderate activity with IC50 of 88.39 μg/ml. Conclusion: This study confirmed the potential of Moringa oleifera seed ethanolic extract, growing in Sigi, Central Sulawesi to be developed as herbal medicinal source for antihyperuricemic drug.

}, keywords = {Antihyperuricemic, Moringa oleifera, Quercetin, Total flavonoids, Xanthin Oxidase}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.229}, author = {Nurlina Ibrahim and Siti Nuryanti and Asriani Hasanuddin and Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair} } @article {882, title = {Traditional Usages and Phytochemical Screenings of Selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {505-510}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {505}, abstract = {

Background: Zingiberaceae is one of the significant components of the herbaceous ground flora of Southeast Asia tropical forests. This family includes some medicinally important species, in particular the members of genera of Alpinia, Curcuma, Etlingera and Zingiber (Van Balgooy, 2001). Objective: to identify the traditional usages and evaluate for phytochemical screening of selected Zingiberaceae from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Material and Methods: Zingiberaceae samples were collected from the Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP), Central Sulawesi Indonesia and its surroundings and evaluated for their phytochemical contents by using TLC method with particular spraying reagents. Results: the plants were used by the local ethnics for different daily and medicinal purposes. All part of each selected species of Zingiberaceae contain flavonoid, tannins, saponins, triterpenoid and alkaloid although steroids were only found in the leaves of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma mangga and Alpinia galanga. Alkaloids were only found in the rhyzome of Etlingera flexuosa, Curcuma aerugynosa, Zingiber montanum. Besides it was also detected in leaves of both Alpinia rubricaulis and Etlingera acanthoides. Additionally, Alkaloids were also discovered in the stem of Ammomum aculeata, Alpinia galanga and Curcuma mangga.

}, keywords = {Central Sulawesi Indonesia, Phytochemical screening, Traditional usages, Zingiberaceae}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.80}, author = {Ramadanil and Damry and Rusdi and Baharuddin Hamzah and Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair} } @article {683, title = {Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activities of Sponges Collected off the Coast of Togean Islands, Indonesia}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {988-992}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {988}, abstract = {

Context: Marine sponges (Porifera: Demospongia) have astonishing structural diversity and broad biological activities. Aims: To evaluate the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of five sponges collected off the coast of Togean Islands, Indonesia, identified as Spheciospongia inconstan, Melophlus sarasironum, Oceanapia amboinensis, Biemna sp and Axinella sp. Methods and Material: All dried sponges materials were extracted by maceration method using methanol and then evaporated by the rotary evaporator to obtain viscous extracts. The determination of antibacterial activity was performed by well agar diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli while the cytotoxic activity was determined by MTT methods on human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) and human colon colorectal carcinoma (HCT-116), followed by determination of the apoptosis mechanism by Annexin V-FTIC assay. Results: M. sarasinorum and Axinella sp showed strong inhibition against S.aureus and E.coli with the diameter of inhibition of 14.21 \± 0.92 mm and 14.36 \± 0.92 mm, and 10.01 \± 2.65 mm and 12.07 \± 1.54 mm, respectively. Moreover, they also exhibited potent cytotoxicity on HCT-116 with IC50 values of 0.002 and 8.518 \μg/mL, respectively. Meanwhile, on MCF-7, only M. sarasinorum showed moderate inhibition with an IC50 value of 87.35 \μg/mL. Annexin V-FTIC assay clearly showed that the cytotoxic mechanism of M. sarasinorum and Axinella sp on HCT-116 and MCF-7 was via apoptosis induction. Conclusion: The sponges of M. Sarasinorum and Axinella sp are undergoing further analysis to identify the active constituents which could be developed as potential antibacterial and anticancer agents.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial, Cytotoxicity, MTT, Sponges, Togean Islands}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.168}, author = {Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair and Subehan Lallo and Masteria Yunovilsa Putra and Tri Aryono Hadi and Ibrahim Jantan} } @article {769, title = {Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid, Quercetin Content and Antioxidant Activity of Standardized Extract of Moringa oleifera Leaf from Regions with Different Elevation}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s104-s108}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s104}, abstract = {

Context: Moringa oleifera is the famous plant that has been used as medicinal plant for diverse pharmacological activity. Aims: To evaluate the total phenolic, total flavonoid, quercetin content as well as the antioxidant activity of standardized extract of Moringa oleifera (Lamk) leaf, collected from three regions with different elevation. Materials and Methods: The leaves were extracted by maceration method using ethanol 96\% and evaporated by rotary evaporator to obtain the viscous extract. The determination of total phenolic and total flavonoid were performed by spectroscopic method, while the quercetin concentration were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The antioxidant activity was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. Results: Ethanolic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf from region with medium altitude (Sigi regency) showed higher total phenolic, total flavonoid, quercetin concentration and antioxidant activity than regions with low and high altitude (Parigi and Palu cities). Conclusion: This study reveals the potency of standardized extracts of Moringa oleifera growing in medium altitude (Sigi regency) to be developed as antioxidant herbal medicine.

}, keywords = {Antioxidant, Kelor, Moringa oleifera, total flavonoid, total phenolic}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.20}, author = {Evi Sulastri and Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair and Nurafni Israyanti Anas and Syakila Abidin and Ririen Hardani and Risfah Yulianti and Aliyah} }