@article {1878, title = {Pharmacognostic Profile of Simplicia and Ethanolic Leaves Extract from Indonesian Piper betle var. nigra}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {610-618}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {610}, abstract = {

Piper betle var. nigra has potency as an herbal medication. Thus it can be used as a source of medicinal raw materials. Piper betle var. nigra simplicia and extracts must be controlled to obtain unswerving quality and ensure their pharmacological effects by standardizing them through several specific and non-specific parameters. Specific parameters were analyzed organoleptically in the ethanol extract, namely having a thick consistency, brownish-green or blackish-green color, a mild peculiar odor, a bitter, cherish taste, and a slightly spicy flavor. The microscopic simplicia powder profile is as follows: the lower epidermis with idioblasts in oil cells contour and upper epidermis, sclerenchyma, covering hairs, and transport bundles ladder-type thickening, and idioblasts in oil cells contour. Extract content analysis of simplicia and black betle leaves ethanol extract showed water-soluble extract content of 2.77\% and 12.45\% and ethanolsoluble extract content of 1.38\% and 19.1\%. Secondary metabolites in the ethanol extract are flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and steroids. The non-specific parameters of the simplicia and extract are as follows; total ash content of 12.1\% and 7.43\%; acid insoluble ash content of 4.45\% and 1.57\%; drying shrinkage of 14.5\% and 15.85\%; total lead (Pb) contamination 47.5 ppm and 1.2 ppm; and the total cadmium (Cd) contamination \<0.2 ppm. The total bacterial contamination in the extract was 4.3x105 colonies/g. The total yeast contamination was 8.3x105 colonies/g and volumetric mass density of the water-soluble extract of 0.96 g/mL and the volumetric mass density of the ethanol-soluble extract of 1.01 g/mL.

}, keywords = {Black betle, Non-specific parameters, Piper betle var. nigra, Specific parameters, standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.143}, author = {Herman and Fajar Prasetya and Supriatno Salam and Hifdzur Rashif Rijai and Hadi Kuncoro and Rolan Rusli and Agung Rahmadani and Hady Anshory Tamhid and Kuswandi and Dewanto Harjunowibowo and Islamudin Ahmad and Laode Rijai} } @article {643, title = {Alpha-Mangostin Effect on Inhibition Development Stadium and Globin Accumulation Against Plasmodium falciparum}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {June 2018}, pages = {783-788}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {783}, abstract = {

\α--Mangostin is a widely reported group of Xanthone compounds from the Clusiaceae family of 40 genera and over 1000 species spread across the tropics and subtropics area. The Objective for determine effect of \α-mangostin from Garcinia tetrandra Pierre stem bark against development stadium inhibition and globin accumulation of Plasmodium falciparum. Inhibition stadium development assay used based on the Rosenthal method. Plasmodium falciparum parasitic globin accumulation assay. Globin accumulation assay used the highest concentration of in vitro antimalarial test using SDS-PAGE with positive control E-64 and \α-mangostin were incubated together with the malaria parasite during 24 h. Result of Inhibition stadium development of Plasmodium falciparum against \α-mangostin show inhibition from development stadium of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, Electrophoresis show globin accumulation from electrophoresis followed by staining using Coomassie brilliant blue. \α-mangostin showed inhibition the growth of malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum with dose 10 \μg/ml is expected to occur a large accumulation of globin, which can be viewed both morphologically and by the method of SDS-PAGE.

}, keywords = {Development stage inhibition, Garcinia tetrandra, Plasmodium falciparum, SDS-PAGE, α-mangostin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.4.132}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/670}, author = {Hadi Kuncoro and Aty Widyawaruyanti and Taslim Ersam} }