@article {1354, title = {Antimicrobial Effect of Different Types of Honey on Selected ATCC Bacterial Strains}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {217-225}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {217}, abstract = {

Honey is a complex sweet highly viscous liquid and is composed of various ingredients such as sugar, proteins, minerals, and polyphenolic compounds. Honey is used in traditional medicine systems for centuries because of its ability to inhibit the pathogenesis of various diseases through modulating various biological activities. In this study, antimicrobial potential of different types of honey was tested against selected pathogenic bacterial strains through agar well diffusion method. Four types of honey were used in the present investigation, and the potential antimicrobial activities of these varieties were further compared with that of antibiotics commonly used against targeted microbial strains. Among all of the four tested honey, three types were classified as blossom honey, being Talha (Acacia sp) honey (TH), Zahoor (mixed flower) honey (ZH), and Manuka (Leptospermum based honey) honey (MH). Both gram positive and gram negative bacterial species were used for this investigation. The pathogenic gram-positive bacterial strains includedEscherichia coli ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA) ATCC 43300. Three gram negative bacteria like Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 700603 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 were also used to confirm the antimicrobial activities. As reflected from our study, we found that three varieties of honey including TH, ZH, and MH (with different UMF +20, +16, +5) displayed a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against all tested microbial strains. However, all strains showed a high frequency of resistance to BF honey. Gram-positive (G+) bacteria were found to be more sensitive to all tested honey types except (BF) as indicated by significantly higher zone of inhibition (ZOI) values than those of gram-negative (G-) bacteria. As a conclusion, this study suggests that antimicrobial potential of honey types might be helpful in order to treat the pathogenic microorganisms threatening the public health and changing antibiotics into last-resort drugs.

}, keywords = {Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Talha honey, Zahoor honey and Manuka honey}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.31}, author = {Aseel Aljaghwani and Khaled S Allemailem and Lujain F Aljaghwani and Faris Alrumaihi and Rejo Jacob Joseph and Amjad Ali Khan and Mohammad aljaghwani and Arshad H Rahmani and Ahmad Almatroudi} } @article {1430, title = {Peppermint, (Mentha {\texttimes} piperita): Role in Management of Diseases through Modulating Various Biological Activities}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {822-827}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {822}, abstract = {

Peppermint, (Mentha {\texttimes}piperita), aromatic perennial herb of the mint family (Lamiaceae). It is a natural hybrid of Mentha spicata and Mentha aquatica and is found wild with its parent species in central as well as southern Europe. It holds various types of ingredients including menthol, menthone and cineol. Menthol, which is extracted from peppermint, play an important role in the inhibition of various types of pathogenesis. Peppermint oil also acts as a mild carminative agent and used for disorder of the large intestines that causes stomach pain. Moreover, experimental studies have confirmed its role in health management through anti-oxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, neuroprotection and hepatoprotective effects. its topical application shows relief from cold, muscle pain, and headache. The health promoting role of Peppermint has gained a noteworthy scientific attention, but the exact mechanism of its action still remains not clear. The current review mainly emphases on the pharmalogical effects of peppermint in the inhibition of pathogenesis. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of peppermint in the management of various types of diseases.

}, keywords = {Anti-microbial, Antioxidant, Mentha {\texttimes}piperita, Pathogenesis, Peppermint}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.104}, author = {Saleh A Almatroodi and Mohammed A Alsahli and Ahmad Almatroudi and Amjad Ali Khan and Arshad Husain Rahmani} } @article {422, title = {Saffron (Crocus sativus) and its Active Ingredients: Role in the Prevention and Treatment of Disease}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {September 2017}, pages = {873-879}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {873}, abstract = {

Introduction: Crocus sativus is a member of iridaceae family and its use in health management is in practice since ancient time. Additionally, research based on clinical trials and animal models have advocates its role in disease cure without any severe adverse complications. The aim of this study is to summarize the study of saffron and its ingredients based on in vivo and in vitro and role in disease cure and prevention. Materials: This study was designed through the search engines such as Pub Med, Scopus and Google Scholar. The keywords used for the search were mainly focused on Saffron with health benefit and its therapeutics role in different diseases. Result: Saffron stigma is mixture of various components and recent studies have proven that saffron and its active ingredients play a key role in disease management. Moreover, clinical trials based study on the use of saffron and its individual components have confirmed the health promising effects. Conclusion: Although Saffron has potential role in the disease cure and prevention via modulation of anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour, anti-microbial and anti-diabetic activity. Furthermore, advanced research is needed to elaborate the role of saffron in health management and its mechanism of action in the modulation of biological activities.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory, Anti-tumour activity, Antioxidant, Crocus sativus, Toxicity level.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.6.137}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/190}, author = {Arshad Husain Rahmani and Amjad Ali Khan and Yousef Homood Aldebasi} }