@article {1417, title = {Pharmacognostic Study of Collection and Study of its Hepatoprotective Activity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {May 2021}, pages = {713-721}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {713}, abstract = {

Background: The aim of this work is pharmacognostic study of herbal formulation consisting of elecampane rhizomes and roots (Inula helenium L.), fruits of rose (Rosa sp.) and hawthorn (Crataegus sp.), leaves of pepper mint (Mentha piperita L.) and cowberry leaves (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.), spiny eleuterococcus rhizomes and roots (Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr.et Maxim.) Maxim., low cudweed herb (Gnaphalium uliginosum L.s.l.) as well as determination of its hepatoprotective activity. Materials and methods: An electron microscope, HPLC and methods of the State Pharmacopoeia of Russia were used in pharmacognostic study of herbal formulation. The hepatoprotective, antioxidant and choleretic activities of the herbal formulation were studied in vivo model of liver damage induced by tetracycline hydrochloride and 40\% ethanol. Results: The content of biologically active substances (BAS) collected: essential oils - at least 0.30\%; flavonoids in terms of luteolin - not less than 1.0\%; ascorbic acid - not less than 0.5\%; tannins - not less than 3.0\%; arbutin - at least 0.4\%; eleutheroside B - not less than 0.01\%.It has been found that the course administration of herbal formulation to white Wistar rats with liver damage eliminates the prooxidant effect of tetracycline and ethanol, reduces the manifestation of cholestasis and increases the rate of bile secretion for 1-3 hours. Conclusion: The herbal formulation has hepatoprotective activity, antioxidant, choleretic effect and stimulates regenerative and antitoxic processes in the liver in rats with a model of combined liver damage induced tetracycline and ethanol. The obtained research results argue the possibility of using herbal formulation for prevention and complex treatment of liver diseases.

}, keywords = {Hepatoprotective activity, microscopy, Phenolic compounds, standardization}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.91}, author = {Lubsandorzhieva PB and Rendyuk TD and Dashinamzhilov Zh.B and Dargaeva TD and Ferubko EV} } @article {1330, title = {Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of the Seedling Extracts from Inca Peanut Plukenetia volubilis}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {52-58}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {52}, abstract = {

Background: Plukenetia volubilis L., Inca peanut is an oleaginous plant, widely cultivated as commercially in South East Asia, especially in Thailand. The oil from the seed plant is a greatest interesting a natural source. Objectives: The aims of this study were investigated phytochemical screening, to evaluated the total flavonoids and phenolic compound contents as well as antioxidant activities of seedling extract from P. volubilis. Methods: The dried P. volubilis seedlings of 21 days growing period were extracted by using different solvent including aqueous (ASS), 50\% ethanolic (HESS), and 95\% ethanolic (ESS) extracts. The phytochemical screenings were determined on total phenolic compound (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) contents. The antioxidation were tested by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazy radical scavenging (DPPH), 2,2 -azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS+) assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Results: The results found that the ESS were significantly highest amount on total phenolic compound (23.0809{\textpm}0.8632 mgGE/gExt ) and flavonoid (466.3839{\textpm}1.5580 mgQE/gExt) contents. In this study, ascorbic acid (IC50 =0.016{\textpm}0.0003 mg/mL) and Trolox (IC50 =0.044{\textpm}0.0008 mg/mL) as standard substances were showed more potent than all of the extracts from P. volubilis seedlings. Surprisingly, the ESS has more potent on free radical scavenging higher than different solvents; DPPH=0.007{\textpm} 0.001 (IC50=mg/mL), ABTS= 1.4065{\textpm} 0.0505 (IC50=mg/mL),and FRAP= 74.4960{\textpm} 2.6067 (mg=TE/gExt). Conclusion: the plant seedling extracts composed with high amount of flavonoids and phenolic compound contents possess valuable to antioxidant activities. The seedling extracts from the plant could apply to supplementary food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and horticultural industries. Next study, chemical compositions, the major active compound(s), and biological activities will be clarified.

}, keywords = {antioxidant activity, Flavonoids, Inca peanut seedling, Phenolic compounds, Phytochemical screening, Plukenetia Volubilis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.8}, author = {Darunee Puangpronpitag and Puangpaka Tankitjanon and Adisak Sumalee and Ampa Konsue} } @article {1040, title = {Antimicrobial, Cyto and Genotoxic Activities of Equisetum hyemale}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {November 2019}, pages = {1563-1571}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1563}, abstract = {

The popular use of natural products has great benefits for the health of the human population. In this study we highlight Equisetum hyemale, belonging to the phylum Sphenophyta and the family Equisetaceae. Popularly, the stems of this plant are used for their diuretic, digestive, anti-anemic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Given this context, and the fact that the growth of antimicrobial resistance is a serious problem for global public health, this plant could be used as an alternative, to increase our therapeutic arsenal. Therefore, it is important to more clearly elucidate the complex structures present in plants, because these substances are mainly responsible for their beneficial and/or toxic effects. Thus, the objective of this study was evaluate the antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of the phenolic compounds separately. The substances luteolin, ferulic acid and coumarin were identified at high concentrations by ultra-high performance chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). Antimicrobial activity was elucidated through microdilution in broth; the phenolic compounds were able to inhibit the visible growth of the standard bacterial strains at low concentrations. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT and genotoxicity was analysed through cellular damage using a Comet assay; the results showed that it did not present cytoxicity or genotoxicity at the corresponding concentrations. With this, we suggest that E. hyemale may be an alternative for the treatment of infections by microorganisms that are resistant to synthetic drugs.

}, keywords = {Antimicrobial activity, Cytotoxicity, Equisetum hyemale, Phenolic compounds}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.239}, author = {Camilla Filippi dos Santos Alves and Pauline Cordenonsi Bonez and Marcia de Souza Ebling and Camila Casagrande and Litiane Freitas and Carolina Dolwitsch and Fernanda Pires and Michele Rorato Sagrillo and Gerson Fernandes de Brum and Marli Matiko Anraku de Campos and Roberto Christ Vianna Santos} } @article {763, title = {Antioxidant Capacity and Cytotoxicity of the Aqueous Extract of Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s135-s140}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s135}, abstract = {

Introduction: Ethnobotanical studies report that Myrcia guianensis (Myrtaceae), belonging to a group of plants known as pedr\á-ume-ca\á or insulin plant, is used as a tea to treat various diseases, including diabetes, a metabolic disorder that leads to the constant production of free radicals. The objective of this work was to determine the antioxidant capacity and the cytotoxicity of the AEMg. Methods: The content of phenolic compounds in AEMg was determined by colorimetric assays. In vitro tests of the antioxidant capacity of AEMg, in the sequestration of DPPH radicals, in \β-carotene bleaching, in the FRAP, as well as in human fibroblast cells of the MRC-5 lineage, were performed. The cytotoxic activity of AEMg was evaluated in assays with eukaryotic cells from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in PBMC. Results: The results showed that the AEMg is rich in phenolic compounds, presenting high antioxidant potential in all the tests carried out, including in human fibroblast cells of the MRC-5 lineage, besides not being toxic to eukaryotic cells. Conclusion: The AEMg, rich in antioxidant compounds and no toxicity, can be used as source of natural antioxidant in the treatment of metabolic diseases to combat free radicals.

}, keywords = {antioxidant activity, Myrtaceae, Oxidative stress, Pedra-ume-ca{\'a}, Phenolic compounds}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.25}, author = {Regiane Sablina Almeida Bernardes and Sandra Layse Ferreira Sarrazin and Flaviana Alves dos Santos and Moacyr Jesus Barreto de Melo R{\^e}go and Maira Galdino da Rocha Pitta and Marina Ferraz Cordeiro and Patr{\'\i}cia Danielle Oliveira de Almeida and Ricardo Bezerra de Oliveira and Leoneide {\'E}rica Maduro Bouillet and Jos{\'e} Guilherme Soares Maia and Rosa Helena Veras Mour{\~a}o} }