@article {1357, title = {Pharmacognostic Studies on the Leaves of Annona muricata Linn}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {241-247}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {241}, abstract = {

Introduction: Annona muricata Linn. (Family: Annonaceae) is a well-known traditional and natural medicine over the world; in Malaysia it serves as a treatment for many kinds of diseases. Studies have been reported that A. muricata can be used to treat diseases due to its antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antitumor, anthelmintic, analgesic, hypotensive, antiinflammatory, and has immune enhancing properties. Despite having several medicinal functions and properties, however there is no standardization parameters have been reported in the literature for the leaves of A. muricata. Methods: Therefore, through this research study, the macroscopical and microscopical characteristics, physicochemical parameters such as ash values, extractive values, fluorescence analysis and preliminary phytochemical analysis of the leaves were investigated. Results: Based on the observation of the transverse section of the leaves, the presence of upper cuticle, upper epidermis, palisade cells, vascular bundle, spongy mesophyll, phloem fibers, lignified vessels, xylem vessels, collenchyma, lower epidermis, lower cuticle and parenchyma served as important key differentiating features for the studied plant. The powder microscopy revealed the presence of pieces of trichrome, collapsed uniseriate multicellular covering trichrome, spongy mesophyll, phloem fibres, xylem vessels, paracytic stomata and fragment of epidermis showing cell and palisade cell. Calcium oxalate crystals were also observed even though the captured image was slightly unclear. The phytochemical screening of the leaves was carried out using four different extracts which showed the presence of steroids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins carbohydrates and proteins, respectively. Conclusion: Based on this research finding, the pharmacognostic standardization of the plant can be established thus, providing ease in identifying and determining the purity and quality of the investigated plant.

}, keywords = {Annona muricata, Fluorescence analysis, Macroscopy, microscopy, Physicochemical parameters, Preliminary physiochemical screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.34}, author = {Gouri Kumar Dash and Mohd Haziq Bin Hashim and Abdul Karim Russ Hassan and Ravindran Muthukumarasamy} } @article {192, title = {Pharmacognostic Standardisation and Phytochemical Evaluation on the Seeds of Two Vitis Vinefera L. Varieties Grown in Kashmir Valley, India}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {Oct 2016}, pages = {465-470}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {465}, abstract = {

Introduction: Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is one of the largest fruit crop widely grown throughout the world and their seeds are considered a relevant source of polyphenol compounds. Objective: To carry out phytochemical and pharmacognostic evaluation of the seeds of Vitis vinifera L. Var sahibi and hussaini, family vitiaceae as per WHO guidelines. Materials and Methods: In present investigation, the detailed pharmacognostic studies were carried out in terms of organoleptic properties, macroscopical, microscopical characters, physicochemical parameters, preliminary phytochemical screening for major groups of compounds and other WHO recommended parameters for standardization of the seeds of Vitis vinifera L. Var. sahibi and hussaini. Results: Macro and microscopic characters of Vitis vinifera L. seeds Var. sahibi and hussaini were analyzed. Physicochemical parameters such as foreign matter, extractive values, ash content, pH and fluorescent behaviour of seed powder were done by using WHO recommended parameters. A preliminary phytochemical screening was done and revealed the presence of different phytoconstituents like carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, tannins, sterols and fixed oil. Conclusion: This is the first report of its kind on the pharmacognostic studies of Vitis vinifera L. seeds Var. sahibi and hussaini and will serve as valuable source of information towards establishing pharmacognostic standards on identification, purity, quality and classification.

}, keywords = {Grapes, Hussaini, Macroscopy, microscopy, Physicochemical, Sahibi.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.5.9}, author = {Javaid Ashraf Nowshehri and Zulfiqar Ali Bhat and Mohammad Yaseen Shah} }