@article {1957, title = {Evaluation of Antidiarrheal, Antispasmodic, and Antisecretory Activities of Extract and Fractions of Castanopsis costata Leaves in Animal Models}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {March 2023}, pages = {31-37}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {31}, abstract = {

Background: The use of traditional medicinal plants Castanopsis costata in the management of diarrhea is an ancient practice in North Sumatra, Indonesia, but its safety and efficacy have not been examined scientifically in animal models. Therefore, this study aims to determine the antidiarrheal effect of C. costata leaf extract and fractions in vivo. Methods: The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated against animal models of diarrhea induced by castor oil, charcoal meal, and entero-pooling test. The extract group received doses of 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, while the fraction groups was treated with WFCC, EAFCC, and nHFCC, in doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively. The negative control received 10 mL/kg of the dissolving vehicle, while the positive was treated with loperamide 3 mg/kg. Results: The results showed that EECC doses of 200 mg/kg, WFCC, and EAFCC at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively significantly delayed the onset of diarrhea, while WFCC and EAFCC at 100 mg/kg significantly reduced the amount of wet feces output and total feces output. In addition, only WFCC and EAFCC (at 50 and 100 mg/kg, respectively) significantly reduced the mean weight of wet feces and total feces. The percentage of maximum diarrhea inhibition was observed at the EAFCC dose of 100 mg/kg. Based on the charcoal meal test results, only EAFCC significantly inhibited the distance traveled by charcoal meal and reduced the peristaltic index at a dose of 100 mg/kg, while the percentage decrease in gastrointestinal motility was 46.87\%. Similarly, in the entero-pooling test, WFCC and EAFCC significantly reduced the volume and weight of intestinal contents at a dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. Conclusion: The results confirm that the extract and fractions of C. costata have antidiarrheal activity. Therefore, this study provides scientific support for the traditional use of C. costata in treating diarrhea.

}, keywords = {Animal models, Castanopsis costata, Diarrhea, North Sumatra., Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.5}, author = {Maulana Yusuf Alkandahri and Mally Ghinan Sholih and Nitya Nurul Fadilah and Maya Arfania and Surya Amal and Dedy Frianto and Lina Aliyani Mardiana and Diany Astuti and Dadang Muhammad Hasyim} } @article {2031, title = {Preliminary Exploration of Traditional Medicine Formulas as A Basis of Effort and Support Toward Traditional Medicines Developing Use and Implementation in The Government Healthcare Program}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {June 2023}, pages = {279-284}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {279}, abstract = {

Introduction: Develop the healthy living communities with enhance ability of community in using herbs or traditional medicine in the family health system was supported by the government regulations. Materials and Method: The study only took point 3 out of 10 points Essential Public Health Services. The point was to inform and educate the public about health, the factors that influence it, and efforts to improve it. This point was realized by collecting and selecting the formulas that have been published by the government to be summarized based on the indication of disease, quantity of herbs and water (including the parts of herb), processing of formulation and drinking rules, etc. Results: 17 Formulations of traditional medicinal herbs are valuable for the indication of diseases: arthritis, reduce blood fat /blood cholesterol, reduce blood glucose, reduce body weight, maintaining the health conditions of cancer patient, cough, diabetes mellitus, gastritis, gout, hemorrhoids, reduce high blood pressure, liver problem, nausea and vomiting, uric acid, increase urine volumes, urinary stone/kidney stone, and physical fitness. Conclusion: The formulas could be used and was introduced to the community for encouraging health literacy, empowering the community to build a family health system. Finally, the exploration of traditional medicine formulas could support the developing use and implementation of traditional medicines in the Government Healthcare Program.

}, keywords = {Healthy living communities., Traditional medicine, Traditional medicine formulations}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.75}, author = {Diah Dhianawaty and Resti Gradia Dwiwina and Wulan Mayasari and Achadiyani} } @article {1868, title = {Ethnobotanical Study of Plants Used for the Treatment of Urolithiasis in Morocco }, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {542-547}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {542}, abstract = {

Urolithiasis (UL) is a frequent pathology which affects between 5 and 20\% of the population according to the countries and areas. The aim of this study was to determine the medicinal plants used traditionally by patients with UL in the Kenitra and Sidi Kacem cities (Morocco). From January 2012 to February 2015, 50 herbalists and 166 patients with urolithiasis who live in the area under study were interviewed by using structured questionnaire. The following data were recorded: name of the patients or herbalists with their age, sex name of the plant (s) (vernacular name), parts used mode of preparation and administration. A total of 42 plant species belonging to 24 families, mostly from the Apiaceae (16.66\%) Lamiaceae (11.9\%) were used to treat the UL in the area. All the plants were prepared by decoction which are taken orally for a period of one week. Herniaria hirsuta (Hh) and Ziziphus lotus (Zl) were repeatedly mentioned by the patients and herbalists as most used for the management of UL in this area. It{\textquoteright}s concluded that the traditional remedies are the first line to treat the UL in this area. Hh and Zl were the most commonly used plants in this treatment which a study of antiurolithiatic characteristics seem to be necessary to evaluate its use in therapy.

}, keywords = {Medicinal plants, Morocco., Questionnaire, Traditional medicine, Urolithiasis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.133}, author = {Miloud Chakit and Aboubaker El Hessni and Abdelhalim Mesfioui} } @article {1924, title = {Medicinal Plants Adopted to Treat Children{\textquoteright}s Diseases by Traditional Pediatrics {\textquoteright}{\textquoteright}Women Healers{\textquoteright}{\textquoteright} In The Souss Massa Region (Agadir Idaoutanan, Inzegane Ait Meloul and Chtouka Ait Baha) Morocco}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {January 2023}, pages = {880-886}, type = {Original Article }, chapter = {880}, abstract = {

The population of southern Morocco, particularly that of Souss Massa, uses traditional empirical care, several specialties of traditional medicine exist in the region including women healers considered traditional pediatricians, these women used medicinal plants to treat diseases of infants and children. this study was carried out in order to collect information on the therapeutic practices and medicinal plants adopted and used by women healers named locally by "ferraga" or "tachrift" and "tagouramt" in the Souss Massa region (Agadir Idaoutanan, Inzegane Ait Meloul and Chtouka Ait Baha), in order to preserve and protect this invaluable inheritance from loss and overlook.Using questionnaires, a series of surveys were conducted during the years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, on the one hand, among the population (sample of 279 people) to determine the importance of these women healers in the health sector of the region of these women healers, and on the other hand, a survey was conducted among these women healers to collect the recipes adopted in the treatment of children{\textquoteright}s diseases. The population that uses traditional medicine frequently resorts frequently to these women healers to treat digestive and respiratory diseases and the incessant crying. The population that uses traditional medicine resorts to these women healers to treat digestive (30\% of population) and respiratory diseases and the incessant crying (24\% of population). The floristic analysis of the adopted recipes has revealed 56 plant species divided into 35 botanical families. The most used families are Lamiaceae (12,5\%) and Apiaceae (10,71\%). the leaves constitute the part more used 32.26\% followed by the seeds 22.58\%, the infusion is the mode of preparation most used by 35\% and the dose is generally by pinch, spoonful or by handful These results show that the women healers have a very important place in the health service, especially they have a very interesting knowledge of the treatment of digestive and respiratory disorders and especially of the effects attributed to sorcery. The plants identified in this study could constitute a data base for further research in the field of phytochemistry and pharmacology.

}, keywords = {Children{\textquoteright}s diseases, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine, Women healers}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.183}, author = {Taleb Ali Khalid and Aarab Ahmed} } @article {1823, title = {Traditional Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Urological and Urogenital Diseases in Ethiopia: A Review}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {June 2022}, pages = {722-733}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {722}, abstract = {

Introduction: Ethiopia is recognized as one of the richest biodiversity in Africa. The present review aimed to compile relevant information on medicinal plants traditionally used to manage urogenital diseases in Ethiopia. Methods: Different literatures published specifically on ethnobotanical use of medicinal plants in scientific journals, books, theses and proceedings were reviewed. Data from literatures were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 20 and an Excel spreadsheet and reported using descriptive statistics, frequency, and percentage. Results: A total of 146 medicinal plants are reported in the reviewed literature. It was distributed in 127 genera and 64 families. Cucurbitaceae (7.51\%), Asteriaceae (7.51\%), Euphorbaceae (6.20\%) and Apiaceae (4.80\%) were family{\textquoteright}s accounts of high number of species. A higher diversity of medicinal plants was reported from Southern nations and nationalities (44.5\%), Oromia (41.1\%) and Amhara (27.4\%) regional states. The most frequently reported growth form of medicinal plants indicated in the review was herbs (46.8\%), followed by shrubs (32.6\%). Root (36.2\%) and leaves (35.3\%) were the most used parts. Decoction (26.1\%), concoction (16.5\%) and pounding (11.9\%) were the most frequently reported remedy preparation methods and were administered orally. Conclusion: The present review indicated that urogenital diseases were managed with different medicinal plants throughout the regions of Ethiopian needed scientifically confirmed in order to produce safe and effective drugs from natural products.

}, keywords = {Ethiopia., Ethnobotany, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine, Urological diseases}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.92}, author = {Kebede Feyisa and Wondu Feyisa and Ture Girma and Teyiba Kemal} } @article {900, title = {Ethnobotanical Survey of the Medicinal Plants used in the Southern Mediterranean. Case Study: The Region of Bissa (Northeastern Dahra Mountains, Algeria)}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {647-659}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {647}, abstract = {

Introduction: The present study falls within the framework of valorization of medical plants and traditional knowledge{\textquoteright}s in the Northeastern part of Dahra Mountain, Algeria. Methods: An ethnobotanical survey was conducted between 2016 and 2018 in order to study the traditional and therapeutic use of medical plants amongst the local population. Data collected was analyzed using quantitative indices such as the Fidelity Level (FL) and Informant Consensus Factor (FIC). Results: The results revealed 70 medicinal species belonging to 38 botanical families, among which, five families were the most commonly used by the local population, especially the families Lamiaceae and Asteraceae. In term of species, the highest frequencies of medicinal use were shown respectively by Tetraclinis articulata (Vahl) Mast. (6.49\%), Pistacia lentiscus L. (6.11\%), Myrtus communis L. (5.34\%) and Thymus vulgaris L. (4.96\%). Among the various parts of the plant, leaves were the most used part and decoction was the most frequent form of use. Finally, the gastro-intestinal system disorders were the most treated diseases with a percentage of 28.24\%. Conclusion: This first ethnobotanical study conducted in the region of Bissa revealed a very rich local knowledge in term of traditional herbal medicine; this fact was reflected by the high diversity of species used in the treatment of several diseases. In light of this, it is therefore very important to subject some of the major species to further phytochemical and pharmacological studies in order to validate their traditional use and to probably discover new bioactive molecules.

}, keywords = {Algeria, Ethnobotany, Indigenous population, Medicinal plants, Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.103}, author = {Fatima Senouci and Adda Ababou and Mohammed Chouieb} } @article {994, title = {An Overview of Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potentials of Punica granatum L}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {1167-1171}, type = {Review Article}, chapter = {1167}, abstract = {

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is considered as {\textquotedblleft}A pharmacy unto itself{\textquotedblright} in Ayurvedic medicine and also used in several other systems of medicine. The plant belongs to the family Lythraceae containing pomegranate as a predominant species. Various parts of the plant exhibits significant pharmacological activities due to its wide range of potential bioactive compounds. Many biological activities proved its antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti- athersclerotic, antidiabetic actions and many more. This article provides a review of phytoconstituents of Punica granatum and its diverse array of biological properties.

}, keywords = {Bioactive compounds, Lythraceae, Pharmacological activities, Phytoconstituents, Punica granatum, Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.181}, author = {Janani Jacob and Rajiv P and Gopalan R and Lakshmanaperumalsamy P} } @article {699, title = {Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants used by Ayta Communities in Dinalupihan, Bataan, Philippines}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {859-870}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {859}, abstract = {

Objectives: This study documented the species of medicinal plants used by Ayta communities in Dinalupihan, Bataan. The plant parts used for medicinal purposes, preparations, mode of administration of these medicinal plants were determined. The most important species based on use values and informant consensus factors were also calculated. Methods: A total of 26 informants were interviewed regarding the plants they utilize for medicinal purposes. Free and prior informed consents were obtained from the informants. Taxonomic identification was done in the Botany Division of the National Museum of the Philippines. Informant consensus factor (FIC) and use values (UV) were also calculated. Results: Ayta communities listed a total of 118 plant species classified into 49 families used as herbal medicines. The Family Fabaceae was the most represented plant family with 11 species. Leaves were the most used plant part (43\%). Majority of medicinal preparations were taken orally (57\%). It was found that Psidium guajava L. and Lunasia amara Blanco were the most commonly used medicinal plants in the three communities with the use value of 0.814. Conclusion: This documentation provides a catalog of useful plants of the Ayta and serves as a physical record of their culture for the education of future Ayta generations.

}, keywords = {Ayta, Ethnobotany, Medicinal plants, Philippines, Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.5.145}, author = {Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco and MARLON LIAN C. CONDES and Hanna Hasmini T. Estadilla and Elena M. Ragragio} } @article {148, title = {The Therapeutic Properties of Juniperus Communis L.: Antioxidant Capacity, Bacterial growth Inhibition, Anticancer Activity and Toxicity}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {Jan/2016}, pages = {273-280}, type = {Orginal Article}, chapter = {273}, abstract = {

Introduction: J. Communi sberry is a high antioxidant fruit which is used in several traditional medicinal systems to treat a variety of diseases including rheumatism, arthritis and gout.This study was undertaken to examine the inhibitory activity of J. communis berry extracts on the growth of several bacteria associated with autoimmune inflammatory disease, and to test their ability to block CaCo2 and HeLa cancer cell proliferation. Methods: J. Communis solvent extracts were preparedusing solvents of varying polarity. The extracts were investigated by disc diffusion assay for the ability to inhibit the growth of a panel of pathogenic bacteria associated with autoimmune inflammatory diseases. Their MIC values were determined to quantify and compare their efficacies. Inhibitory activity against CaCo2 and HeLa human carcinoma cell lines was evaluated using an MTS colorimetric cell proliferation assay. Toxicity was determined using the Artemia franciscana nauplii bioassay. Results: The methanol, water and ethyl acetate J. communis berry extracts displayed moderate to potent growth inhibitory activity against bacterial triggers of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and multiple sclerosis. The methanol and water extracts displayed the broadest specificity, inhibiting the growth of all bacteria tested. The ethyl acetate extract also displayed antibacterial activity, inhibiting the growth of 9 of the 13 bacterial strains (69\%). The ethyl acetate extract displayed the greatest potency, with MIC values substantially below 2000 \µg/mL for all bacteria which it inhibited. It was most effective at inhibiting the growth of P. mirabilis, P. vulgaris and S. aureus, each with MIC\’s \≤ 500 \µg/mL. The methanol and water extracts also proved effective at blocking the proliferation of the colorectal cancer cell line CaCo2 and HeLa cervical cancer cell growth, with IC50 values in the 1300-2500 \µg/mL range. All extracts were non-toxic in the Artemia nauplii bioassay. Conclusion: The lack of toxicity of the J. Communis berry extracts and their potent growth inhibitory bioactivity against bacteria and HeLa and CaCo2 carcinoma cells indicates their potential in the treatment and prevention of selected autoimmune inflammatory diseases and some cancers.

}, keywords = {Anti-bacterial activity, Antioxidant., Artemia, Autoimmune inflammatory disease, CaCo2, HeLa, Juniper berry, Traditional medicine}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.3.17}, author = {Alejandra Fernandez and Ian Edwin Cock} }