@article {2124, title = {Analysis of the Phytochemical and Antibacterial Properties of the Indigenous Mizo Medicinal Plant, Helicia Excelsa}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {October 2023}, pages = {823-828}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {823}, abstract = {

Background: Helicia excelsa (Roxb.) Bl. is a scarcely known medicinal plant and is native to Southeast Asia. It is most notably used for the treatment of gastric problems in the Mizo traditional medicine in India. Method: The leaves of H. excelsa were collected from Aizawl, Mizoram, India. An extract was prepared using chloroform. Qualitative phytochemical tests were performed to detect the important phytocompounds. The antioxidant activity was determined by total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total antioxidant content, DPPH- and ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by agar well-diffusion method. Results: H. excelsa leaf contains amino acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, glycosides, phenols, phytosterols, proteins, and tannins. It showed inhibition in selected Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The phenol, flavonoid and total antioxidant contents were 4.52{\textpm}0.09 gallic acid equivalent (GAE mg/g), 64.27{\textpm}1.04 quercetin equivalent (QE mg/g), 11.39{\textpm}0.45 ascorbic acid equivalent (AAE mg/g) respectively. IC50 value of DPPH-scavenging activity was 5.67{\textpm}0.36. The ferric ion-reducing power showed concentration-dependent activity. The plant extract showed growth-inhibitory actions against Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli, and Gram-positive species, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. :Conclusion H. excelsa leaf contains important bioactive compounds that need to be identified. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities support the basis of its medicinal application.

}, keywords = {Antibacterial activity, Antioxidant, Helicia excelsa, Mizo traditional medicine., Plant extract}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.157}, author = {Lalbiakngheti Tlau and Lucy Lalawmpuii and P.B. Lalthanpuii and K. Lalchhandama} } @article {1347, title = {Analysis of Several Inflammatory Markers Expression in Obese Rats given Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng Ethanol Extract}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {January 2021}, pages = {172-178}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {172}, abstract = {

Introduction: Oxidative stress is one of the inflammatory events caused by obesity. This condition is characterized by an increase in various inflammatory markers, such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and a cluster of differentiation 40 (CD40). This study aimed to analyze the effect of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng ethanol extract on ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and CD40 in obese rats. Methods: The study used a pure experimental method with a completely randomized design. There were 6 groups, namely, C- (negative control), C+ (positive control), CMC (soluble control), EE300 (P. amboinicus ethanol extract, 300 mg/kg body weight [BW]), EE600 (P. amboinicus ethanol extract, 600 mg/kg BW) and EE900 groups (P. amboinicus ethanol extract, 900 mg/kg BW). Results: The results showed low levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in the blood plasma, especially in the EE900 group, but the difference was not substantial. The same trend also occurred in the expression of CD40 in the tunica intima layer of the rat aorta. Conclusions: Thus, the administration of 900 mg/kg BW P. amboinicus ethanol extract for 45 days has the potential to treat obesity in rats through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and CD40).

}, keywords = {Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, immunohistochemistry, Obese, Plant extract, Rats}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.24}, author = {Karnirius Harefa and Delmi Sulastri and Ellyza Nasrul and Syafruddin Ilyas} } @article {1720, title = {Antioxidant Activity and Phytochemical Identification of Annona Squamosa Leaves Methanolic Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1746-1750}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1746}, abstract = {

The antioxidant activity of Annona squamosa (A. squamosa) leaf was carried out using methanol extract and fractionated extract namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate and residue. The antioxidant activity of methanol extract and fractionated was performed using the 1-diphenyl-2-Pycrilhydrazil (DPPH) method. The antioxidant activity test of methanol extract and fractionated n-hexane, ethyl acetate and residue yielded IC50 of 6.87, 169.99, 31.55 and 44.75 ppm. The ethyl acetate fraction extract with IC50 31.55 ppm was performed by column chromatography using silica gel G60 as the stationary phase and n-hexane: ethyl acetate as the mobile phase. The results of column chromatography obtained 181 fractions and were combined based on the stain pattern into 4 subfractions. Antioxidant test of each subfraction showed that the ASE 3 subfraction had the strongest antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the subfraction was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). According, GC-MS data analysis showed that the third subfraction contained 19 phytochemical compounds, where 3 compounds having the highest concentration, namely 4,4{\textquoteright}-((p-Phenylene)diisopropylidene) diphenol, dodecanoic acid, methyl ester and phthalic acid, isobutyl 2-methylpent-3-yl ester.

}, keywords = {Annona squamosa, antioxidant activity, GC-MS., Plant extract}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.225}, author = {Mustanir and Nurdin and Binawati Ginting} }