@article {2215, title = {Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) Essential Oil and its Potential Against Stress, Anxiety, and Sleep Quality}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {100-107}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {100}, abstract = {

Introduction: This investigation aimed to evaluate the effect of Matricaria chamomilla L essential oil on stress, anxiety, and sleep quality. Methods: The essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus, and the chemical composition was performed by Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). Furthermore, a study was conducted where 128 participants were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group treated with essential oils. Stress, anxiety, and sleep quality were evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS{\textendash}10), the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI). In addition, cortisol was measured. Results: Chemical analysis showed thatα-Bisabolol oxide A exhibited the highest concentration at 30.42\%, followed by α -Bisabolol (10.94\%), α-Bisabolone oxide A (9.82\%), and spathulenol (8.83\%). Stress, anxiety, sleep quality, and cortisol scores decreased in the post-test study phase compared to the pre-test in the experimental group (p\<0.05). Important effect size was found in the case of anxiety (d = 1.203; Δ = 1.246), while medium effects were observed for stress (d = 0.701; Δ = 0.633) and sleep quality (d = 0.888; Δ = 0.732), while cortisol showed small changes (d=0.374; Δ=0.357). Conclusion: The study showed the potential of Chamomile essential oils to reduce stress and anxiety levels and improve sleep quality.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Essential oils, Matricaria chamomilla, Sleep quality, stress}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.14}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Elda Maritza Rodrigo-Villanueva and Jos{\'e} Gilberto Gavidia-Valencia and Natalia Mavila Guzm{\'a}n Rodr{\'\i}guez and Roger Antonio Rengifo-Penadillos and Julio V{\'\i}ctor Campos-Flori{\'a}n and Yolanda Elizabeth Rodr{\'\i}guez de Guzm{\'a}n} } @article {2100, title = {Anxiolytic-Like Effect of Cymbopogon Citratus (Lemongrass) Essential Oil}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {August 2023}, pages = {674-679}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {674}, abstract = {

Introduction: Essential oils are complex substances that are widely utilized in the practices of aromatherapy. Certain essential oils are recognized for their potential to alleviate anxiety symptoms. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of Cymbopogon citratus essential oil on anxiety. Methods: The chemical composition of the extracted essential oil was analyzed using Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). In addition, an experimental study with measures at pretest-posttest was conducted, where 128 participants were divided into two groups, a waiting-list (WL) control group, and an experimental group (EG)treated with aromatherapy based on Cymbopogon citratus essential oil. The anxiety index was evaluated by Zung Self- Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). Results: The chemical analysis identified geranial (52,1\%) and neral (35,2\%) as the principal constituents. Anxiety levels decreased in the experimental group during the posttest phase (p\<0.05). Besides a large effect size was found for anxiety (d = 0.962; Δ= 0.988) with 1-β=0.999 a percentage of change of -10.99\%. Conclusion: Cymbopogon citratus essential oil inhalation showed to be effective in decreasing scores anxiety. Therefore, it has the potential to serve as a supplementary treatment for anxiety.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Cymbopogon citratus., Essential oil}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.136}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Luis Enrique Rosales-Cerquin and Santiago M. Benites and Taniht Lisseth Cubas-Romero and Emilio German Ram{\'\i}rez-Roca} } @article {2006, title = {Effect of Rosmarinus Officinalis Essential Oil On Anxiety, Depression, And Sleep Quality}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {April 2023}, pages = {343-349}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {343}, abstract = {

Introduction: The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil on anxiety, depression, and sleep quality. Methods: The essential oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and the chemical composition was performed by Gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). Furthermore, a quasi-experimental study was conducted, where 81 participants were divided into two groups, comprising a waiting list control group and an experimental group treated with essential oils. Anxiety and depression indexes were evaluated using the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Inventory (PSQI). Results: Chemical analysis showed that 1,8 cineole (37.6\%), α-pinene (19.9\%), and linalool (15.8\%) were the main components. Anxiety, depression, and sleep quality scores showed a decrease in the post-test study phase compared to the pre-test in the experimental group (p\<0.05). A large size effect was found in the case of anxiety (d = 1.491; g= 1.490) with 1-β=0.996, while medium size effects were observed for depression (d = 0.581; g= 0.582) with 1-β=0.585; and sleep quality (d = 0.586; g = 0.588) with 1-β=0.638. Conclusion: Essential oils extracted from Rosmarinus officinalis are more effective in calming anxiety and show moderate changes in depression and sleep quality.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Essential oils, Rosmarinus officinalis, Sleep quality}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.52}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Luis Enrique Rosales-Cerquin and Santiago M. Benites and Taniht Lisseth Cubas-Romero and Demetrio Rafael Jara-Aguilar and Jos{\'e} Gilberto Gavidia-Valencia and Iris Melina Alfaro-Beltr{\'a}n} } @article {2153, title = {Immunization During the Covid-19 Pandemic}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1005-1009}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1005}, abstract = {

Objectives: This Study Aims to Analyze the Determinant Factors Associated with Basic Immunization Services for Infants Aged 1-12 Months in Banjarbaru City During the Covid 19 Pandemic. Methods: The Research Design Is an Analytic Research with A Cross Sectional Approach. The Independent Variables Are Mother{\textquoteright}s Knowledge, Mother{\textquoteright}s Anxiety, And Accessibility to Health Facilities, And the Dependent Variable Is Basic Immunization Services. The Research Sample Consisted Of 100 Respondents Who Had Babies Aged 1-12 Months in The Cempaka Health Center, Sungai Ulin Health Center, Sungai Besar Health Center and South Banjarbaru Health Center. The Sampling Technique Was Non-Probability Sampling, Namely Purposive Sampling. The Instruments Used Were A Knowledge Questionnaire, An Anxiety Questionnaire (Dass) And an Accessibility Questionnaire in The Form of a Google Form. Analysis Using the Chi Square Statistical Test. Results: The Results Showed That 58 People (58.0\%) Had Basic Immunization Services According to Age, 44 People (44.0\%) Had Good Knowledge And 55 People (55.0\%) Had Accessibility to Health Facilities. Variables Related to Basic Immunization Services in Banjarbaru City Were Knowledge (P=0.03) And Anxiety (P=0.01). Another Variable in This Study, That Is Accessibility to Health Services, Was Not Related to Basic Immunization Services in Banjarbaru City (P=0.80). Conclusions: It Is Recommended That Basic Immunization Information and Services Be More Proactive. Health Promotion Uses an Interpersonal Approach in The Community to Increase Knowledge, Attitudes and Change People{\textquoteright}s Behavior.

}, keywords = {Accessibility, Anxiety, Health Center, Immunization, knowledge}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.185}, author = {Yuniarti and Rusmilawaty and Tri Tunggal and Norlaila Sofia and Nur Rohmah Prihatanti and Ahmad Rizani and Anwar Mallongi} } @article {1783, title = {Anxiolytic and Antidepressant-like Effects of Foeniculum vulgare Essential Oil}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {April 2022}, pages = {425-431}, type = {Research Article }, chapter = {425}, abstract = {

Introduction: The aim of this research was to determine the anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects of the essential oils from Foeniculum vulgare aerial parts and seeds. Methods: The oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and chemical composition was performed by Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). Furthermore, an experimental trial was conducted, where 117 participants were divided into three groups, comprising a waiting list control group and two experimental groups treated with essential oils. The anxiety and depression indexes were evaluated by Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results: chemical analysis showed that trans- Anethole was the main component, both in the essential oil from aerial parts (35.5\%) and seeds (79.2\%). Anxiety and depression scores showed a decrease in posttest study phase in comparison with pretest in all experimental groups (p\<0.05), except for depression scores in the group treated with essential oil from aerial parts (p\>0.05). Small changes were found in the case of anxiety for group treated with essential oils from aerial parts (d = 0.41; Δ= 0.40) while moderate (d = 0.86; Δ = 0.85) and small (d = 0.38; Δ = 0.39) changes were found for anxiety and depression respectively, in the group treated with essential oil from seeds. Conclusion: The essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare seeds is more effective to relief anxiety than depression while the essential oil from Foeniculum vulgare aerial parts only exhibit small changes for anxiety.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Essential oils, Foeniculum vulgare}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.54}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Luis Enrique Rosales-Cerquin and Elda Maritza Rodrigo-Villanueva and Demetrio Rafael Jara-Aguilar and Lurdes Tuesta-Collantes} } @article {1903, title = {Effects of Satureja brevicalyx essential oil inhalation on coping premenstrual syndrome}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {December 2022}, pages = {728-735}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {728}, abstract = {

Introduction: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of Satureja brevicalyx essential oil inhalation on premenstrual syndrome. Methods: The oils were extracted by hydro-distillation using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and chemical composition was performed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). Furthermore, a quasi-experimental study was conducted, where 61 participants were divided in two groups, comprising an experimental with essential oils and a control group with no treatment. Main psychological symptoms were assessed with the used of Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) as well as total score of premenstrual syndrome was evaluated with Premenstrual Syndrome Scale (PMSS). Results: chemical analysis showed that linalool (17.6\%) was the main component. All variables showed a decrease in posttest study phase in comparison with pretest in experimental group (p\<0.05). A large size effect was observed for anxiety (d = 1.25; Δ = 1.35). Besides, moderate changes were found for depression (d = 0.79; Δ= 0.81) and premenstrual syndrome total score (d = 0.62; Δ = 0.56). Conclusion: The essential oil of Satureja brevicalyx exerts a potencial use, especially for the treatment of psychological symptoms of premenstrual syndrome.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Depression, Essential oils, Premenstrual syndrome, Satureja brevicalyx}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.160}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Francisco Mercedes Infantes Gomez and Yolanda Elizabeth Rodr{\'\i}guez de Guzm{\'a}n and Taniht Lisseth Cubas Romero and Natalia Mavila Guzm{\'a}n Rodr{\'\i}guez and Olga Gessy Rodr{\'\i}guez Aguilar and Ana Mar{\'\i}a Honores Alvarado and Elsa Roc{\'\i}o Vargas D{\'\i}az and Lesly Alexandra Cabrera Cabrera and Klersy Almendra Truyenque Rom{\'a}n and Edwar Guido Brice{\~n}o Esquivel} } @article {1672, title = {Anxiolytic-like Effect of Essential Oils Extracted from Lippia alba and Lippia citriodora}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1377-1383}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1377}, abstract = {

Introduction: Essential oils from natural plants are widely use around the world to relief mental conditions. The aim of this investigation was to determine the anxiolytic-like effect of essential oils extracted from Lippia alba and Lippia citriodora. Methods: The oil was extracted by hydro-distillation for 3 hours using a modified Clevenger-type apparatus and then chemical composition was investigated by gas chromatography analysis (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Moreover, a randomized experimental trial was conducted, where 95 participants were divided into 3 groups, comprising a waiting list control group and two experimental groups treated with essential oils by inhalation. The anxiety index was evaluated by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Measures were taken two times: pretest and posttest. Results: chemical analysis showed that carvone was the main component (64.5\%) for Lippia alba essential oil and geranial (39.8\%) for Lippia citriodora. State and Trait anxiety scores showed a decrease in posttest study phase in comparison with pretest in all experimental groups (p\<0.05). Cohen{\textquoteright}s D and Hedges{\textquoteright} G scores show a large size effect in state anxiety for experimental group treated with Lippia alba while moderate changes were found for the rest of variables in all experimental groups. Conclusion: the essential oils extracted from Lippia alba and Lippia citriodora may be useful as a mean to counteract anxiety, specifically state anxiety showing short-terms benefits.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Essential oils, Lippia alba, Lippia citriodora}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.174}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Luis Enrique Rosales-Cerquin and Bertha Mirella Alfaro-Ttito and Elda Maritza Rodrigo-Villanueva} } @article {1723, title = {Anxiolytic-like Effect of Luma chequen Essential Oil: A Pilot Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {December 2021}, pages = {1607-1613}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1607}, abstract = {

Introduction: Essential oils are complex substances used widely extended in the form of aromatherapy or phytotherapy, some of them as agents to relieve anxiety and stress. In this sense this study was conducted to examine the anxiolytic-like effect of Luma chequen essential oil. Methods: The essential oil was extracted by steam distillation and the chemical composition was investigated by Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS). Moreover, a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted, where 48 participants were divided into two groups, comprising a control group (CG) treated with placebo, and an experimental group (EG) treated with aromatherapy based on Luma chequen essential oil. The anxiety index was evaluated by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Measures were taken at two times: pretest and posttest. Results: The chemical analysis showed that α-pinene was the main component (56.5\%). State and Trait anxiety scores showed a decrease in posttest study phase in comparison with pretest in experimental group compared to placebo (p\<0.005 for state anxiety and p\<0.05 for trait anxiety). Cohen{\textquoteleft}s d score was 0.84 in State anxiety, while it was 0.52 for Trait anxiety. Percentages of change showed reductions of anxiety variable ranging between 14.94\% for State anxiety and 13.60\% for Trait anxiety. Conclusions: These results suggest that aromatherapy based on essential oil of Luma chequen was moderately effective in improving anxiety.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Essential oil, Luma chequeen.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.207}, author = {Paul Alan Arkin Alvarado-Garc{\'\i}a and Maril{\'u} Roxana Soto-V{\'a}squez and Luis Enrique Rosales-Cerquin and Demetrio Rafael Jara-Aguilar and Santiago M. Benites} } @article {739, title = {Withaferin A attenuates Alcohol Abstinence Signs in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1190-1195}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1190}, abstract = {

Background: Withania somnifera (WS) have been reported to inhibit acquisition and expression conditioned place preference, self-administration and withdrawal anxiety of psychostimulants. In the present work, we have assessed the effect of withaferin A on somatic and affective symptoms of ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. Methods: Animals had given free access to ethanol uninterrupted for 21 days through liquid diet. Withaferin A (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) was injected (ip) either during the development of ethanol dependence phase (days 15 \– 21 or 30 min before ethanol withdrawal assessment. Withdrawal signs characterized by changes in somatic signs were measured in the open field followed by evaluation of anxiety parameters, locomotion, and depressive behavior. Results: Withaferin A treatment 30 min before 24 h postethanol withdrawal assessment did not alter the scores of somatic behavioral signs in ethanol abstinence animals. However, withaferin A (10 and 20 mg/kg, ip) from day 15-21 prevented the ethanol withdrawal-induced elevated scores of somatic behaviors, hyperlocomotion, depressive behavior, and anxiety. Withaferin A treatment did not influence the blood ethanol levels in dependent and withdrawn animals. However, withaferin A administration attenuated the elevated plasma corticosterone and ACTH levels in ethanol-withdrawn rats, suggesting withaferin A induced anti-stress effect and stabilization of HPA axis activity could have facilitated the inhibitory effect of withaferin A on ethanol withdrawal syndrome. Conclusion: The finding supports further investigation of withaferin A and other bioactive components of WS in alcohol addiction.

}, keywords = {Anxiety, Corticosterone, Ethanol withdrawal, HPA axis, Withaferin A.}, doi = {xx10.5530/pj.2018.6.204}, author = {Nandkishor Ramdas Kotagale and Ankit Kedia and Rupali Gite and Shubham Nilkanth Rahmatkar and Dinesh Yugraj Gawande and Milind Janraoji Umekar and Brijesh Gulabrao Taksande} }