@article {2170, title = {Role of 1,25(OH)2D On Cytochromes CYP27A1 and CYP27B1 in Periodontitis: A Clinical Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1112-1115}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1112}, abstract = {

Background: Vitamins have a great impact on metabolis. Aims: To determine the role of 1,25(OH)2D On Cytochromes CYP27A1 and CYP27B1 in Periodontitis. Material and Method: The investigation was carried out on 45 participants of ages within the range of (30-45 years) who were attending the private dental clinics. Diagnosis of chronic periodontitis was established depending on dental history, clinical examinations (periodontal indices). All participants were examined by the same dentist. They were classified into three groups: Group 1 (control negative): (15) participants with normal serum vitamin D3 level and with pocket depth <=3 mm, good oral health and normal periodontal tissues and no previous history of periodontal diseases. Group 2 (control positive): (15) participants with normal serum vitamin D3 level and periodontitis with pocket depth >=5 mm, they received placebo medication orally, Group3(treatment): (15) participants with vitamin D3 deficiency (below 30 IU), and periodontitis with pocket depth >=5 mm, they received oral Vitamin D3 fast acting liquid soft gel capsule 2000 IU /day for 3 months. 3 blood samples were taken from each participant at 0,45,90 days, for research examinations. CYP27A1, CYP27B1 serum levels was measured for each sample in three groups by ELISA kit. Result: there was a highly significant reduction in CYP27A1 serum level in the treatment group at the ninety days of the study while there was no significant elevation CYP27B1 serum level in all groups during 45,90 days of the study. Conclusion: The present study suggested that the 1,25(OH)2D has effects on serum levels of both Cytochromes CYP27A1 and CYP27B1 and this was associated with periodontitis.

}, keywords = {CYP27, Cytochrome, Periodontitis, Vitamin D}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.202}, author = {Asmaa Y Thanoon and Faehaa Azher Al-Mashhadane} } @article {902, title = {Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Aqueous Fruit Pulp Extract of Tamarindus indica Linn in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {July 2019}, pages = {669-673}, type = {Original Research Study}, chapter = {669}, abstract = {

Aim: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the aqueous fruit pulp extract of Tamarind indica Linn on NO production and iNOS expression in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Material\ and Method: The efficacy of tamarind extract on nitric oxide production was determined using RAW macrophages. RT - PCR was used to examine the expression of the iNOS gene in activated macrophages. The Statistical analysis for multiple comparisons was evaluated by one way ANOVA followed by the Dunnett{\textquoteright}s test when significant differences were detected. The data were considered to be statistically significant at p \< 0.001, p \< 0.01 and p \< 0.05. Results: LPS stimulated RAW macrophages strongly up regulated the iNOS gene expression levels. The iNOS levels were significantly suppressed in the presence of different concentrations of tamarind extract, compared to LPS treatment alone. The tamarind extract also exhibited dose {\textendash} dependent decrease in the production of NO. The IC50 was found to be 35.69 μg/ml. LPS stimulated group showed 89.61 {\textpm} 0.47 \% of NO. Conclusion: Nitric oxide production is found to be more in conditions such as periodontitis, oral squamous cell carcinoma and many other diseases. This study could prove the ability of tamarind fruit pulp extract to inhibit the production of nitric oxide and the iNOS gene expression. Hence, Tamarind indica Linn pulp extract may be used as a good anti-inflammatory agent in periodontitis as well as in conditions associated with over production of nitric oxide in different cancers such as oral squamous cell carcinoma.

}, keywords = {iNOS expression, Nitric oxide, Oral squamous cell carcinoma, Periodontitis, Tamarind indica}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.105}, author = {Mathews Meriam Leya and Roy Anitha} } @article {617, title = {Assessment of Anti-Protease Property of Nutmeg in Causing Delayed Disintegration of Platelet Rich Fibrin {\textendash} an in vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {June 2018}, pages = {672-676}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {672}, abstract = {

Background: Platelet-rich fibrin is a second generation platelet concentrate enhances tissue healing and is in predominant use as a barrier membrane in periodontal regeneration. However, a normal PRF membrane has rapid degradability (1-2 weeks). Myristica fragrans (nutmeg) has been found to have antiprotease property. It was hypothesized if this property helps in inhibiting degradation of PRF. Aim: To assess whether nutmeg has any effect in inhibitingdegradability of PRF membrane and to compare the degradability of PRF at different concentrations (200mg, 100mg, 50mg) of ethanolic and crude extracts of nutmeg. Materials and Methodology: PRF was procured from 30 ml blood from 5 different donors were cut to equal sizes into 35 pieces. They were measured at baseline and dropped in 7 sets of ependorphs containing PBS, PBS containing 200 mg, 100mg and 50 mg crude extract of nutmeg, PBS containing 200 mg, 100mg and 50 mg ethanolic extract of nutmeg. After 1 week the PRF were retrieved and measured. The percentage of remaining PRF was calculated and data analysed. Result: It was found that there was a difference in percentages of remaining PRF between all the groups when compared to the control group, out of which, crude extract of nutmeg 200 mg group alone had a significantly lesser \% of remaining PRF than the control. All ethanolic extract groups had a significantly greater \% of remaining PRF when compared to that of the control. Conclusion: Nutmeg is effective in inhibiting the degradation of PRF membrane.

}, keywords = {Myristica fragrans, Periodontal guided tissue regeneration, Periodontitis, Platelet-rich fibrin, Proteolysis}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.4.110}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/648}, author = {Darshanaa Arunachalam and Sheeja Varghese and Lakshmi Thangavelu} }