@article {789, title = {Comparative GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals from Different Plant Parts and Callus of Leptadenia reticulata Wight and Arn.}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {January 2019}, pages = {129-140}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {129}, abstract = {

Aim: The aim of this study is identification and comparative analysis of bioactive phytochemicals present in methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of different plant organs and callus of Leptadenia reticulata by GC{\textendash}MS technique. Methodology: The shade dried plant samples (leaves stem and root) and callus produced from leaf of L. reticulata were powdered and then sequentially extracted in methanol and ethyl acetate solvents. Total eight extracts were prepared which were Methanolic Leaf Extract (MLE), Methanolic Stem Extract (MSE), Methanolic Root Extract (MRE), Methanolic Callus Extract (MCE), Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract (EALE), Ethyl Acetate Root Extract (EARE), Ethyl Acetate Stem Extract (EASE) and Ethyl Acetate Callus Extract (EACE). Then, each of the extracts was further subjected to Gas Chromatography{\textendash} Mass Spectrometry (GC{\textendash}MS) analysis. Results: The GC{\textendash}MS analysis of the eight extracts revealed the presence of 77 different types of high and low molecular weight phytochemicals and bioactive compounds in varying quantities. Some of the phytochemicals detected for first time in L. reticulata are γ-sitosterol, Campesterol, Pristane, Hexahydrofarnesol, Stearic acid, Arachidic acid, Coniferyl alcohol, n-Tetracosanol-1, Ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, (2S,3S)-3,7,4{\textquoteright}-Trihydroxy-5-methoxy-6-methylflavanone etc. These chemical compounds are considered biologically active and pharmacologically important. Conclusion: This study gives a detailed comparison of detection and identification of various bioactive phytochemicals from different plant parts (leaves, stem and root) and callus of L. reticulata. This provides a basis for the biological and biochemical characterization of some newly detected biologically and pharmacologically important phytochemical components from this plant.

}, keywords = {Callus, Fatty Acid, Root, Stem, Steroids, Terpenoids}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.1.22}, author = {Priyanka Godara and Bunty Kumar Dulara and Neelam Barwer and Navneet Singh Chaudhary} } @article {989, title = {GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Methanol Extract of Aerial Part and Callus of Dipterygium glaucum Decne}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {September 2019}, pages = {1055-1063}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1055}, abstract = {

Introduction: This study was designed to evaluate the phytocomponents present in aerial part and in vitro induced callus methanol extracts of Dipterygium glaucum by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. Methods: GC-MS analysis of aerial part sample and callus produced from leaf of D. glaucum extracted in methanol solvents was performed using GC-MS QP 2010 Plus (Shimadzu, Japan) system comprising an auto sampler (AOC-20i) and a gas chromatograph interfaced to a mass spectrometer. Results: This study was carried out to identified and comparative analysis of bioactive phytochemicals from aerial part extract and callus extract of D. glaucum. This analysis revealed that both the extracts have 69 different types of phytochemical components in varying quantities. Some of the important phytochemical compounds were Stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, γ-sitosterol, Campesterol, Squalene, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Stearic acid, Myristic acid, Quinazoline, Linalyl acetate etc. These chemical compounds have anticancer, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidants properties. Conclusion: This study represents the detection and identification of different phytochemical compounds from aerial part and callus extract of D. glaucum. Thus, due to the presence of various important bioactive phytocomponents this plant is recommended as a pharmaceutically important plant.

}, keywords = {Callus, Campesterol, Capparidaceae, Fatty Acid, Stigmasterol, Terpenoids}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.165}, author = {Choudhary D and Shekhawat JK and Kataria V} } @article {920, title = {Phytochemical Characterization of Rhizome, Fruit, Leaf and Callus of Rheum emodi Wall. using GC-MS}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {May 2019}, pages = {617-623}, type = {Short Communication}, chapter = {617}, abstract = {

Background: Rheum emodi is an immensely useful medicinal herb of Himalaya having remarkable antidiabetic and anticancerous activities reported mainly from rhizomatous portion of the plant. The present study reports Gas Chromatographic- Mass spectroscopic characterization of both the conventionally used part i.e., the rhizome as well as other parts of R. emodi including callus to exploit the nonconventional parts for future use. Objective: To explore the bioactive constituents in the methanol extract of rhizome, fruit, leaf and callus of R. emodi. Methods: Phytochemical characterization of the plant extracts was performed by using GC-MS QP 2010 Plus. Various constituents were identified after matching their mass fragmentation pattern with data available in GC-MS library of National Institute of Standards Technology (NIST) and Wiley Registry of Mass Spectral Data{\textquoteright}s, New York (Wiley). Results: Total of 95 bioactive compounds were obtained in methanol extract of R. emodi out of which rhizome, fruit, leaf and callus revealed 31, 38, 27 and 47 compounds respectively. Two anthraquinones, chrysophanol (43.97\%) and physcion (3.23\%) were obtained from rhizome whereas fruit possessed only physcion (4.66\%). Conclusion: The present findings characterizes and helps to supplement the chemical profile of the plant for its futuristic role in nutritional, pharmaceutical and therapeutic industries.

}, keywords = {Callus, Fruit, GC-MS analysis, Leaf, Rheum emodi, Rhizome}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.11.99}, author = {Ruchi Singh and Preeti Chaturvedi} } @article {443, title = {Isolation, Purification of Quercetin from in vitro Cell Suspension Culture of Caesalpinia pulcherrima and its Analysis by HPLC-DAD and NMR}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {9}, year = {2017}, month = {November 2017}, pages = {s44-s51}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s44}, abstract = {

Background: Caesalpinia pulcherrima, belongs to Caesapiniaceae, is a known medicinal plant widely distributed in India and is used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various ailments. Many phytochemicals are reported from the plant as potential source of crude drug. Materials and Methods: An efficient and simple reproducible protocol was developed for callus production using leaf explants of C. pulcherrima. The combination of 2, 4-D, kin and BA, was used for the callus induction. Subsequently, cell suspension culture and quercetin synthesis from in vitro callus was attempted. Role of effect of elicitors (Sucrose, ABA and salicylic acid) in cell suspension culture was carried in MS medium containing 2,4-D + BA + kinetin. Flavonoids was purified, fractionated by HPLC-DAD and NMR. Results: 2, 4-D (2.5 mg/L), BA (2.5 mg/L) + kin (1 mg/mL) was effective for maximum callus induction from leaf explants. Significant cell suspension culture was noticed with liquid MS medium containing 2,4-D (2 mg/L)+ BA (1mg/L)+ kinetin (1.5 mg/L). Sucrose, ABA and salicylic acid (SA) at different concentrations influenced cell biomass and quercetin accumulation. The addition of ABA/SA along with sucrose was found to have no remarkable effect on cell biomass and also quercetin synthesis. However, cells cultured in the medium fortified with 45 g/L sucrose without ABA/ SA showed the highest quercetin content (16.5 mg/g). Flavonoids was purified, fractionated by HPLC-DAD and NMR revealed the presence of 9 components such as quercetin, isoquercetin, quercetrin, rutin, quercetin 3-O-\β-D-xyloside, quercetin 3-Oarabinopyranoside, quercetin 3-O- \α-arabinopyranosyl (1\→2) \β-galactopyranoside, isorhamnetin 3-O-rutinoside and an unknown compound. Conclusion: C. pulcherima reveals significant synthesis of quercetin. Quercetin content recorded in cell suspension culture was significantly higher compared with in vivo plants grown in fields and the compounds were identified by NMR.

}, keywords = {Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Callus, Cell suspension culture, Elicitors; growth hormones, Quercetin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2017.6s.156}, url = {http://fulltxt.org/article/380}, author = {Aswathy Jayasree Madanakumar and Greeshma Murukan and Bosco Lawarence and Murugan Kumaraswamy} }