@article {1871, title = { The Potential Effect of Silymarin Against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Male Albino Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {14}, year = {2022}, month = {October 2022}, pages = {558-564}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {558}, abstract = {

Background: Being the main metabolic organ, liver stays in touch with toxicity of introduced materials including, drugs. Protection is priceless to avoid complication of liver toxicity. Objectives: This research aimed to assess the protective impact of silymarin (SIL) on hepatotoxicity based on acute paracetamol (APAP) intoxication in rats in comparison with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Methods: To do so serum was collected and the liver was analyzed for histological findings on rat model-paracetamol toxicity whether alone or in combination with SIL or NAC. The scenario was based on either preconditioning with SIL/NAC before induction of toxicity or afterwards. Serum liver function tests, pro-oxidant/antioxidant status, and proinflammatory markers were detected alongside liver histological study. Results: The results showed that liver function indices, oxidative state, and pro-inflammatory parameters were significantly changed, and histopathological alterations were detected in the liver of the intoxicated group. These modifications were inverted in groups treated with either SIL or NAC. The results of the current study suggested that SIL might be employed as a hepatoprotective drug against liver damage induced by APAP because of its ability to reduce lipid peroxidation, improve antioxidant defense status, and have anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusion: These results are equivalent to NAC therapy which is a standard drug against APAPrelated hepatotoxicity.

}, keywords = {APAP, Hepatotoxicity, NAC, Paracetamol, Silymarin, TNF-α}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2022.14.136}, author = {Noor Ahmed Abed and Musab Mohammed Khalaf and Mohammed Khalid Jamaludeen Alnori} } @article {1607, title = {Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity of Ethanol Extract of Annona cherimola Mill. On Paracetamol-Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {July 2021}, pages = {874-882}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {874}, abstract = {

Background: Annona cherimola Mill. (A. cherimola) is mainly characterized by its antioxidant and cytoprotective properties due to their content of phenolic compounds. Objective: To evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of leaves from A. cherimola against induced toxicity by paracetamol in rats. Methods: Amount of total phenolics compounds of ethanol extract of A. cherimola Mill. was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method. Three doses of the ethanol extract of leaves of A. cherimola (250, 500 and 750 mg/Kg/day) were administered to rats and it was evaluated biochemical blood parameters: aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured, liver tissue was removed for histopathological analysis. Results: Ethanol extract of leaves from A. cherimola had 41.26 mg GAE/g extract and antioxidant DPPH Scavenging Activity had 85.51\%. A. cherimola reduced blood levels of ALT, AST and ALP, compared to control group Paracetamol, ethanol extract, being more effective at doses of 750 mg/Kg/day. Histopathological evaluation suggested that A. cherimola decreased hepatic necrosis and degenerative process induced by paracetamol. Conclusions: Hepatoprotective activity of ethanol extract of leaves of A. cherimola was demonstrated, being hepatoprotective activity dose dependent and the mechanism may involve antioxidant activity and total polyphenols found in extract of this plant.

}, keywords = {Antioxidants, DPPH, Liver, Paracetamol, Rat}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.112}, author = {Carmen R. Silva-Correa and V{\'\i}ctor E. Villarreal-La Torre and Jos{\'e} L. Cruzado-Razco and William Antonio Sag{\'a}stegui- Guarniz and Mar{\'\i}a V. Gonz{\'a}lez-Blas and Anabel D. Gonz{\'a}lez-Siccha and Abhel A. Calder{\'o}n-Pe{\~n}a and Cinthya L. Aspajo- Villalaz and Luz M. Guerrero-Espino and Jorge Del Rosario-Ch{\'a}varri and Julio Hilario-Vargas} } @article {1364, title = {Hepatoprotective Activity of Cordia lutea Lam Flower Extracts Against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {March 2021}, pages = {309-316}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {309}, abstract = {

Background: Paracetamol or acetaminophen overdose leads to hepatotoxicity. This study evaluates the effect of Cordia lutea extract on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Three different doses of dry fluid extract of C. lutea (200, 400 and 600 mg / Kg) were evaluated and compared with Silymarin 200 mg / Kg. Biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, total bilirubin, albumin, globulin and total proteins were evaluated, and histopathological changes in the liver were studied and evaluated. Results: C. lutea reduced the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and increases proteins significantly, although the reduction of bilirubin was not significant, the extract at 400 mg / Kg reduced the levels better than the extract at 600 mg / Kg. The histopathological evaluation suggested that C. lutea extract reduced paracetamol-induced liver necrosis. Conclusions: The extract of C. lutea has a marked hepatoprotective effect, significantly reducing the levels of ALT, AST and ALP, in addition to increasing the levels of albumin, globulin and total proteins, in Rattus norvegicus var. albinus. C. lutea extract is an excellent candidate for use in paracetamol-induced liver diseases.

}, keywords = {Acetaminophen, Biochemical parameters, Cordia lutea, Hepatoprotection, Histopathology, Paracetamol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.40}, author = {Ruiz-Reyes SG and Villarreal-La Torre V{\'\i}ctor E and Silva-Correa Carmen R and Sag{\'a}stegui Guarniz William Antonio and Cruzado-Razco Jos{\'e} L and Gamarra-S{\'a}nchez C{\'e}sar D and Venegas Casanova Edmundo A and Miranda-Leyva Manuel and Valdiviezo Campos Juan Ernesto and Cuellar-Cuellar Armando} } @article {1219, title = {Toxicity Assessment, Evaluation of Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Activity on Cordia obliqua Fruit Extracts}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {12}, year = {2020}, month = {August 2020}, pages = {1005-1011}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1005}, abstract = {

Background: Cordia obliqua Willd plant is a genus of flowering plants in the borage family, Boraginaceae. It is also known as clammy cherry. Very little research was carried out for identification of its medicinal importance when compared to other Cordia species Objective: To determine the safe dose and to explore the in vivo antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Cordia obliqua fruits Methods: As per our previous study the ethanolic and aqueous extracts were rich in phytoconstituents and exhibited good in vitro antioxidant effect. So the ethanolic and aqueous extracts were used for evaluation of activity. Acute toxicity study (LD50) was conducted according to OECD guidelines. For hepatoprotective activity paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity was studied using standard drug like Silymarin. The antioxidant potential] of the plant extracts were tested using three tests viz, Reduced GSH, Catalase and SOD activity Results: Acute toxicity studies showed the non-toxic nature of Cordia obliqua fruit extract upto dose of 3000mg/kg body weight. Administration of Paracetamol to rats increased the levels of marker enzymes like ALT, AST and ALP. Increase in the levels of these enzymes in serum indicates damage to the liver cells. Pretreatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cordia obliqua decreased the levels of ALT, AST, ALP and increased levels of total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and comparisons histology of cells of extract which are an indication for the hepatoprotective activity. Conclusion: The fruits of Cordia obliqua are safe and effective in treatment of hepatic disorders and prevent oxidation of cells.

}, keywords = {Cordia obliqua, Hepatotoxicity, Paracetamol, Silymarin}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2020.12.142}, author = {G Tharun and S Sivakrishnan and JVC Sharma} } @article {775, title = {Chemical Composition and Hepatoprotective Activity of Saponaria officinalis on Paracetamol-Induced Liver Toxicity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {November 2018}, pages = {s129-s134}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {s129}, abstract = {

Background: The present day life style causing different illness including liver diseases and different health complications. So, there is a need to identify new chemical entities with more efficiency in the treatment of diseases and less side effects. There were many reports in recent times, about identifying new drugs from different medicinal plants and also precursors for synthesis new bioactive molecules for treating various diseases. Objective: The present study was carried out on root parts (rhizomes) of S. officinalis for phytochemical analysis and hepatoprotective activity on Paracetamol-induced liver toxicity. Materials and Methods: The phytochemical analysis was carried out to know biological active compounds in different extracts of S. officinalis using standard procedures and quantified the total alkaloid and phenolic contents. Hepatoprotective activity of the S. officinalis extracts were carried out by using Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Results: The phytochemical analysis of S. officinalis roots\’ extracts showed presence of sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins and absence of saponins and oils. The methanolic extract showed more phenolic and alkaloid contents on their quantification. The S. officinalis roots extracts are found to be safe at 2000 mg/kg b. w. in acute toxicity study and showed dose dependent percentage protection on liver toxicity. Methanol extract showed more activity at 500mg/kg b. w. and is comparable with standard drug Liv 52 on altered liver biomarker enzymes AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), ALP, total bilirubin and total protein with percentage protection 56.17\%, 54.53\%, 61.55\% 57.29\% and 53.66\%. Conclusion: The present study results indicates that phytochemical constituent\’s diversity in S. officinalis and those extracts possess hepatoprotective activity. Further studies are needed and should involve the isolation of pure, biologically active compounds

}, keywords = {Liver, Paracetamol, roots, Saponaria officinalis, Toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6s.24}, author = {Mallikarjuna Rao Talluri and Veda Priya Gummadi and Ganga Rao Battu} } @article {740, title = {Chemical Composition and Hepatoprotective Activity of Saponaria officinalis on Paracetamol-induced Liver Toxicity in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {10}, year = {2018}, month = {August 2018}, pages = {1196-1201}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1196}, abstract = {

Background: The present day life style causing different illness including liver diseases and different health complications. So, there is a need to identify new chemical entities with more efficiency in the treatment of diseases and less side effects. There were many reports in recent times, about identifying new drugs from different medicinal plants and also precursors for synthesis new bioactive molecules for treating various diseases. Objective: The present study was carried out on root parts (rhizomes) of S. officinalis for phytochemical analysis and hepatoprotective activity on paracetmol-induced liver toxicity. Materials and methods: The phytochemical analysis was carried out to know biological active compounds in different extracts of S. officinalis using standard procedures and quantified the total alkaloid and phenolic contents. Hepatoprotective activity of the S. officinalis extracts were carried out by using Paracetmol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Results: The phytochemical analysis of S. officinalis roots\’ extracts showed presence of sterols, terpenoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, proteins, flavanoids, alkaloids, phenols, tannins and absence of saponins and oils. The methanolic extract showed more phenolic and alkaloid contents on their quantification. The S. officinalis roots extracts are found to be safe at 2000 mg/kg b. w. in acute toxicity study and showed dose dependent percentage protection on liver toxicity. Methanol extract showed more activity at 500mg/kg b. w. and is comparable with standard drug Liv 52 on altered liver biomarker enzymes AST (SGOT), ALT (SGPT), ALP, total bilirubin and total protein with percentage protection 66.67\%,60.63\%,65.93\%,64.24\% and 60.98\%. Conclusion: The present study results indicates that phytochemical constituent\’s diversity in S. officinalis and those extracts possess hepatoprotective activity. Further studies are needed and should involve the isolation of pure, biologically active compounds.

}, keywords = {Liver, Paracetamol, roots, Saponaria officinalis, Toxicity}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2018.6.205}, author = {Mallikarjuna Rao Talluri and Veda Priya Gummadi and Ganga Rao Battu} } @article {132, title = {Hepatoprotective effect of Prunus armeniaca L. (Apricot) leaf extracts on Paracetamol induced liver damage in Wistar rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {8}, year = {2016}, month = {December 2015}, pages = {154-158}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {154}, abstract = {

Objective: To evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of Prunus armeniaca L. (Apricot) leaf on paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats. Method: Phytochemical investigation was performed to find active constituents of the plant extracts by the different phytochemical tests. After induction of liver toxicity, the biochemical parameters such as serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT), serum alkaline phosphatase (sALP), serum bilirubin (SB), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), \γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total protein (TP), albumin. The physical parameters including liver weight, body weight and histopathological changes in the liver were studied with Ursodeoxycholic acid as standard hepatoprotective agents. Results: The phytochemical investigation of the extracts showed the presence of Alkaloids, volatile oil, saponin glycosides, condensed tanins, terpenoids, steroids and flavonoids. Methanol and aqueous extract before the paracetamol administration caused a significant reduction in the values of sGOT, sGPT, sALP, TBARS, GGT, LDH TP, Albumin and sB (P\<0.01) almost comparable to the Ursodeoxycholic acid. The hepatoprotective activity was confirmed by histopathological examination of the liver tissue of control and treated animals. Conclusions: The result concludes that Prunus armeniaca L. possesses the hepatoprotective effect against paracetamol induced liver toxicity in rats.

}, keywords = {Apricot, Hepatotoxicity, Liver toxicity., Paracetamol}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2016.2.9}, author = {Varsha Raj and Arun Kumar Mishra and Amrita Mishra and Najam Ali Khan} } @article {56, title = {Hepatoprotective Activity of Michelia nilagirica against Paracetamol Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {Jul-Aug 2015}, pages = {228-235}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {228}, abstract = {

Background: Michelia nilagirica belonging to the family Mangoliaceae is commonly used by many traditional healers in most of the herbal preparations for diabetes and kidney diseases. Objective: Different fractions isolated from ethanolic extract of whole plant of Michelia nilagirica is investigated for hepatoprotective activity in wistar albino rats against paracetamol induced hepatic injury. Materials \& Methods: Rats were divided into eight groups. Each group contains six animals. Hepatic injury was achieved by injecting paracetamol at a dose of 2 mg/kg p.o. Results: The hepatoprotective action is seen with fraction A by reduction in serum marker enzymes like Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT). It also reduced the elevated levels of Alkaline phosphotase (ALP) \& Serum bilirubin. Conclusion: Histopathological studies further confined the hepatoprotective activity of fraction A against paracetamol treated group. The results obtained were compared with silymarin (100 mg/kg, orally), a standard drug.

}, keywords = {Albino rats, Hepatoprotective, Michelia nilagirica, Paracetamol, Screening}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.4.4}, author = {Shaik Aminabee and Atmakuri Lakshmana Rao}, editor = {Maram Chinna Eswaraiah} } @article {1453, title = {Hepatoprotective Activity of Michelia nilagirica against Paracetamol Induced Hepatic Injury in Rats}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {29th Apr, 2015}, pages = {228-235}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {228}, abstract = {

Background:Michelia nilagirica belonging to the family Mangoliaceae is commonly used by many traditional healers in most of the herbal preparations for diabetes and kidney diseases. Objective: Different fractions isolated from ethanolic extract of whole plant of Michelia nilagirica is investigated for hepatoprotective activity in wistar albino rats against paracetamol induced hepatic injury. Materials \& Methods: Rats were divided into eight groups. Each group contains six animals. Hepatic injury was achieved by injecting paracetamol at a dose of 2 mg/kg p.o. Results: The hepatoprotective action is seen with fraction A by reduction in serum marker enzymes like Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alanine transaminase (ALT). It also reduced the elevated levels of Alkaline phosphotase (ALP) \& Serum bilirubin. Conclusion: Histopathological studies further confined the hepatoprotective activity of fraction A against paracetamol treated group. The results obtained were compared with silymarin (100 mg/kg, orally), a standard drug.

Key words: Albino rats, Hepatoprotective, Michelia nilagirica, Paracetamol, Screening.

}, keywords = {Albino rats, Hepatoprotective, Michelia nilagirica, Paracetamol, Screening.}, author = {Shaik Aminabee and Atmakuri Lakshmana Rao and Maram Chinna Eswaraiah} }