@article {2232, title = {Impact of Fluoridated Dental Products on Surface Roughness and Morphology of Bleached Tooth Enamel: An In Vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {16}, year = {2024}, month = {February 2024}, pages = {217-225}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {217}, abstract = {

Purpose: To assess the impact of fluoridated dental products (Toothpaste, mouth rinse, and fluoride varnish) on bleached tooth enamel{\textquoteright}s surface roughness (SR) and surface morphology when used before, after, or before and after the tooth bleaching process. Methods: A total of (64) bovine permanent incisors were prepared and divided into two main groups: Group (A) was treated before and after the bleaching. Group (B) was treated after bleaching only. The bleaching process used an Opalescence boost of 40\% hydrogen peroxide. Each main group was divided into (4) subgroups: (A1, B1) Control, (A2, B2) treated with FluorKIN mouthrinse, (A3, B3) treated with FluorKIN toothpaste, (A4, B4) treated with Proshield FV. A profilometer was used to evaluate surface roughness. Also, to assess the morphological changes in the enamel surface, another (14) teeth samples were viewed under the SEM. Results: There was a statistically significant increase in SR after bleaching and a decrease in SR after treatment, and there was no statistically significant difference between the group receiving bleaching only and the group receiving preventive protocol before bleaching, confirmed by SEM analysis. The slightest increase in surface roughness was found in the fluoride varnish group, followed by the FluorKIN toothpaste group, then the FluorKIN mouthrinse group. Conclusion: According to the surface roughness means results in the present study, Surface roughness increased very little in the fluoride varnish group, followed by the toothpaste group and mouthrinse group, respectively.

}, keywords = {Bleaching, Fluoride, Morphology, Roughness}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2024.16.31}, author = {Mohammad H. Alsabeel and Aisha A. Qasim} } @article {2167, title = {The Effect of Zamzam Water and ProShieldR Varnish on Microhardness of Eroded Primary Enamel Teeth Induced by Ironplus Syrup: An In Vitro Study}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {15}, year = {2023}, month = {December 2023}, pages = {1091-1097}, type = {Research Article}, chapter = {1091}, abstract = {

Background: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the erosive adverse effect of paediatric Ironplus syrup and the remineralization effectualness of Zamzam Water and ProShieldR Varnish on microhardness of primary teeth. Materials and method: Forty primary anterior teeth were randomly distributed into five groups, each group has eight samples (N=8) assigned as: group1: control negative, group2: control positive, group3: 5\% Sodium Fluoride Varnish, group4: Zamzam water and group5: Zamzam water and 5\% Sodium Fluoride Varnish. Excluding the control negative group from them, all samples were immersed in 100ml of Ironplus syrup and agitated for 2 min once a day for 14 days. Then those groups were treated with remineralizing agents of: 5\% Sodium Fluoride Varnish for 24 hours, Zamzam water for 30 min every 12 h for 12 days and the combination therapy initiated by Zamzam water then after 30 min, 5\% Sodium Fluoride Varnish was applied for 24hrs. Vickers Microhardness test and Polarized Light Microscope were two adopted tests that this study dependent upon. Results: There was a statistically significant difference in microhardness mean values when making a comparison between the baseline and Ironplus tested groups, furthermore ANOVA and Duncan{\textquoteright}s Multiple Range test showed that there was a highly significant statistical difference in microhardness mean values among baseline, demineralization and remineralization groups at P-Value <= 0.01. Conclusion: The surface microhardness of the primary enamel was reduced owing to the potential erosive efficacy of the used paediatric pharmaceutical preparations. On the other extreme, the previous readings had increased after being treated with remineralizing agents meaning that they have the capacity to battle against erosive potential reaching its highest capability in terms of reminerlization with the combination treatment group.

}, keywords = {Erosion, Ironplus Syrup, Microhardness, Polarized Light Microscope, ProShieldR Varnish, Zamzam water}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2023.15.199}, author = {Isra{\textquoteright}a JA. Altaee and Aisha A. Qasim} }