@article {1667, title = {Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Methanol Extract, Hexane, Ethyl Acetate, and Butanol Fraction of Piper crocatum Ruiz \& Pav Leaves on Lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 Cells}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {13}, year = {2021}, month = {November 2021}, pages = {1341-1346}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {1341}, abstract = {

Piper crocatum Ruiz \& Pav is a traditional Indonesian plant that is empirically used to treat various diseases. Several studies have stated that Piper crocatum leaves extract has anti-inflammatory effects. Piper crocatum leaves contain different secondary metabolites alkaloids, flavonoids, tannin-polyphenols, steroids, terpenoids, and saponins. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of Piper crocatum leaves extract and fraction on the production of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharideinduced RAW 264.7 cells. Anti-inflammatory effect of methanol extract of Piper crocatum leaves (MEPC), n-hexane fraction of Piper crocatum leaves (HFPC), ethyl acetate fraction of Piper crocatum leaves (EAFPC), and n-butanol fraction of Piper crocatum leaves (BFPC) against RAW 264 cell macrophages, 7 Lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS). Extraction of Piper crocatum leaves was the maceration method. Cell viability was determined by the MTT method in the concentration range of 12.5;25;50;100;200 ug/ mL. The anti-inflammatory effects of MEPC, HFPC, EAFPC and BFPC were tested against nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. NO levels were determined by the NO Colorimetric Assay Kit as measured by the ELISA plate reader. The viability test of MEPC, HFPC, EAFPC, and BFPC from Piper crocatum leaves showed the concentrations that gave the percentage of viability above 80\% were concentrations of 100, 50, and 25 g/mL. MEPC, HFPC, EAFPC, and BFPC at concentrations of 100, 50, 25 μg/mL could significantly inhibit NO production with p\<0.05 (p=0.000). The highest NO production inhibition effect was on EAFPC. MEPC, HFPC, EAFPC, and BFPC have antiinflammatory effects, with the highest effect on EAFPC.

}, keywords = {Anti-inflammatory Effect, LPS, Nitric oxide, Piper crocatum}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2021.13.169}, author = {Nilda Lely and Helmi Arifin and Yufri Aldi and Fatma Sri Wahyuni} } @article {797, title = {Reversible Hepatotoxicity of Cassytha filiformis Extract: Experimental Study on Liver Function and Propofol-Induced Sleep in Mice}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {11}, year = {2019}, month = {January 2019}, pages = {69-74}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {69}, abstract = {

Objective: To study the liver toxicity of Cassytha filiformis L. extract and its reversibility in mice. Methods: A total of 108 male mice were used to investigate the hepatotoxicity of Cassytha filiformis extract (CFE) and the reversibility of its toxicity to the liver. Seventy-two mice were treated with CFE orally for 7 consecutive days. A half of these animals were used to study the sleep time on propofol-induced sleep that comprised the sleep onset time (SOT) and duration of sleep (DOS), while another half was used for the quantitation of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) activity. To investigate the reversibility of the liver toxicity, thirty-six mice were treated with daily CFE for 7 days. Activities of ALT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were determined and the liver weight ratio was measured on day 0, 1, 3 and 7 after the termination of the CFE treatment. Data of liver toxicity determination were analyzed by two-way ANOVA followed by Duncan{\textquoteright}s multiple range test, while data of the reversibility was analyzed by Pearson{\textquoteright}s correlation. The significance level was taken at 95\% of confidence interval. Results: CFE shortened the SOT and prolonged the DOS significantly compared with control (p\<0.05). The activity of ALT was increased due to the toxicity of CFE. However, the ALT/ALP activities decreased and liver weight ratio increased gradually after the extract treatment was discontinued. The trend of these data was correlated significantly (p\<0.05). Conclusion: Cassytha filiformis L. extract is toxic to the liver but the toxicity is reversible depending on doses.

}, keywords = {Cassytha filiformis, Liver function, Propofol, Reversible toxicity, Sleep time}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2019.1.13}, author = {Yori Yuliandra and Armenia Armenia and Rahmad Arief and Mifta Hul Jannah and Helmi Arifin} } @article {82, title = {Cytotoxicity Study of Ethanol Extract of the Leaves of Asam Kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) on T47D Breast Cancer Cell line}, journal = {Pharmacognosy Journal}, volume = {7}, year = {2015}, month = {Nov-Dec 2015}, pages = {369-371}, type = {Original Article}, chapter = {369}, abstract = {

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effect of ethanolic extract of the leaves of asam kandis (Garcinia cowa Roxb.) against T47D breast cancer cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of ethanol extract was carried out by measuring the activity of mitochondrial dehydrogenase in living cells that have ability to convert dissolved MTT pale yellow to purple formazan product. The extract was added at various concentrations (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 \μg/mL). The level of cytotoxicity was determined by calculating the IC50 value that was based on the percentage of the cell death after 24 hours treatment with the extract. Cell morphological changes were observed by using inverted microscope. Results: The IC50 value showed that ethanol extract of leaves of asam kandis could resist T47D breast cancer cells with IC50 6.13 \± 3.51 \μg/mL. The statistic results proved that ethanol extract of the leaves of asam kandis could inhibit the growth of T47D breast cancer cells significantly at concentrations of 10 \μg/mL and 100 \μg/mL. Conclusion: The results suggest that ethanol extract of the leaves of asam kandis was potential source of herbal medicine for cancer-related ailments.

}, keywords = {Asam kandis, Beast cancer, Cytotoxicity, Garcinia cowa Roxb, MTT Assay, T47D.}, doi = {10.5530/pj.2015.6.9}, author = {Fatma Sri Wahyuni and Dini Hara Triastuti and Helmi Arifin} }